In Vitro Reconstitution of Two Essential Steps in Wall Teichoic Acid Biosynthesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ginsberg ◽  
Yu-Hui Zhang ◽  
Yanqiu Yuan ◽  
Suzanne Walker
Keyword(s):  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution

Reconstituting poly(glycerol phosphate) wall teichoic acid biosynthesis in vitro using authentic substrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 3823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Gale ◽  
Edward W. Sewell ◽  
Teresa A. Garrett ◽  
Eric D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid

scholarly journals Hidden Mode of Action of Glycopeptide Antibiotics: Inhibition of Wall Teichoic Acid Biosynthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (16) ◽  
pp. 3925-3932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manmilan Singh ◽  
James Chang ◽  
Lauryn Coffman ◽  
Sung Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis YngB is a UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase contributing to wall teichoic acid modification and glycolipid formation during anaerobic growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Wu ◽  
Jeanine Rismondo ◽  
Rhodri M. L. Morgan ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Martin J. Loessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Native Promoter

AbstractUTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferases (UGPases) are enzymes that produce UDP-glucose from UTP and glucose-1-phosphate. In Bacillus subtilis 168, UDP-glucose is required for the decoration of wall teichoic acid (WTA) with glucose residues and the formation of glucolipids. The B. subtilis UGPase GtaB is essential for UDP-glucose production under standard aerobic growth conditions, and gtaB mutants display severe growth and morphological defects. However, bioinformatics predictions indicate that two other UGPases, are present in B. subtilis. Here, we investigated the function of one of them named YngB. The crystal structure of YngB revealed that the protein has the typical fold and all necessary active site features of a functional UGPase. Furthermore, UGPase activity could be demonstrated in vitro using UTP and glucose-1-phosphate as substrates. Expression of YngB from a synthetic promoter in a B. subtilis gtaB mutant resulted in the reintroduction of glucose residues on WTA and production of glycolipids, demonstrating that the enzyme can function as UGPase in vivo. When wild-type and mutant B. subtilis strains were grown under anaerobic conditions, YngB-dependent glycolipid production and glucose decorations on WTA could be detected, revealing that YngB is expressed from its native promoter under anaerobic condition. Based on these findings, along with the structure of the operon containing yngB and the transcription factor thought to be required for its expression, we propose that besides WTA, potentially other cell wall components might be decorated with glucose residues during oxygen limited growth condition.

scholarly journals YycH and YycI Regulate Expression of Staphylococcus aureus Autolysins by Activation of WalRK Phosphorylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Mike Gajdiss ◽  
Ian R. Monk ◽  
Ute Bertsche ◽  
Janina Kienemund ◽  
Tanja Funk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Severe Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative pathogen that can encode numerous antibiotic resistance and immune evasion genes and can cause severe infections. Reduced susceptibility to last resort antibiotics such as vancomycin and daptomycin is often associated with mutations in walRK, an essential two-component regulatory system (TCS). This study focuses on the WalK accessory membrane proteins YycH and YycI and their influence on WalRK phosphorylation. Depletion of YycH and YycI by antisense RNA caused an impaired autolysis, indicating a positive regulatory function on WalK as has been previously described. Phosphorylation assays with full-length recombinant proteins in phospholipid liposomes showed that YycH and YycI stimulate WalK activity and that both regulatory proteins are needed for full activation of the WalK kinase. This was validated in vivo through examining the phosphorylation status of WalR using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE with a yycHI deletion mutant exhibiting reduced levels of phosphorylated WalR. In the yycHI knockdown strain, muropeptide composition of the cell wall was not affected, however, the wall teichoic acid content was increased. In conclusion, a direct modulation of WalRK phosphorylation activity by the accessory proteins YycH and YycI is reported both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results show that YycH and YycI are important in the direct regulation of WalRK-dependent cell wall metabolism.

scholarly journals Discovery of a Small Molecule that Blocks Wall Teichoic Acid Biosynthesis inStaphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G. Swoboda ◽  
Timothy C. Meredith ◽  
Jennifer Campbell ◽  
Stephanie Brown ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid

TarO-specific inhibitors of wall teichoic acid biosynthesis restore β-lactam efficacy against methicillin-resistant staphylococci

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (329) ◽  
pp. 329ra32-329ra32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Ho Lee ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Marc Labroli ◽  
Sandra Koseoglu ◽  
Paul Zuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Specific Inhibitors
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