Kinetics of the Alkaline Phosphatase Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Disodium p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate: Effects of Carbohydrate Additives, Low Temperature, and Freezing

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1467-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Terefe ◽  
J.M. Arimi ◽  
A. VanLoey ◽  
M. Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Influence of pH on the Kinetics of Reactions Catalyzed by Alkaline Phosphatase

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin Hinberg ◽  
Keith J. Laidler
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coordinated Water ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Barbital Buffer ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An experimental study has been made of the kinetics of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate catalyzed by chicken-intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The work was done in barbital buffer (carbonate above pH 9.6), and covered the pH range from 7.0 to 10.0. A sufficiently wide range of substrate concentration was used to allow reliable values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to be determined. The results lead to pK values of 8.1 and 8.6 for the free enzyme, and it is concluded that the Michaelis complex and the phosphoryl intermediate ionize only on the acid side, the former also having a pK of 8.1. It is suggested that the group of pK 8.1 is probably an α-amino group and that the group of pK 8.6 probably corresponds to the ionization of a Zn(II)-coordinated water molecule.

scholarly journals Chicken Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kunitz
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Reversible Inactivation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Zn Ions ◽  
Denaturation Of Proteins

Purified chicken intestinal alkaline phosphatase is active at pH 8 to 9, but becomes rapidly inactivated with change of pH to 6 or less. Also, a solution of the inactivated enzyme at pH 4.5 rapidly regains its activity at pH 8. In the range of pH 6 to 8 a solution of purified alkaline phosphatase consists of a mixture of active and inactive enzyme in equilibrium with each other. The rate of inactivation at lower pH and of reactivation at higher pH increases with increase in temperature. Also, the activity at equilibrium in the range of pH 6 to 8 increases with temperature so that a solution equilibrated at higher temperature loses part of its activity on cooling, and vice versa, a rise in temperature shifts the equilibrium toward higher activity. The kinetics of inactivation of the enzyme at lower pH and the reactivation at higher pH is that of a unimolecular reaction. The thermodynamic values for the heat and entropy of the reversible inactivation and reactivation of the enzyme are considerably lower than those observed for the reversible denaturation of proteins. The inactivated enzyme at pH 4 to 6 is rapidly reactivated on addition of Zn ions even at pH 4 to 6. However, zinc ions are unable to replace magnesium ions as cocatalysts for the enzymatic hydrolysis of organic phosphates by alkaline phosphatase.

scholarly journals Phosphatase synthesis in Klebsiella (Aerobacter) aerogenes growing in continuous culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Bolton ◽  
A. C. R. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Glucose Effect ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1. Phosphatase synthesis was studied in Klebsiella aerogenes grown in a wide range of continuous-culture systems. 2. Maximum acid phosphatase synthesis was associated with nutrient-limited, particularly carbohydrate-limited, growth at a relatively low rate, glucose-limited cells exhibiting the highest activity. Compared with glucose as the carbon-limiting growth material, other sugars not only altered the activity but also changed the pH–activity profile of the enzyme(s). 3. The affinity of the acid phosphatase in glucose-limited cells towards p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Km 0.25–0.43mm) was similar to that of staphylococcal acid phosphatase but was ten times greater than that of the Escherichia coli enzyme. 4. PO43−-limitation derepressed alkaline phosphatase synthesis but the amounts of activity were largely independent of the carbon source used for growth. 5. The enzymes were further differentiated by the effect of adding inhibitors (F−, PO43−) and sugars to the reaction mixture during the assays. In particular, it was shown that adding glucose, but not other sugars, stimulated the rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate by the acid phosphatase in carbohydrate-limited cells at low pH values (<4.6) but inhibited it at high pH values (>4.6). Alkaline phosphatase activity was unaffected. 6. The function of phosphatases in general is discussed and possible mechanisms for the glucose effect are outlined.

A Continuous Spectrophotometric Method for Measuring the Activity of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N Bowers ◽  
Robert B McComb
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract A continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring serum alkaline phosphatase activity is described. The effects of temperature, pH, substrate concentration, type and molarity of the buffer, sample size, cofactors, and inhibitors on the enzymatic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate were studied. The optimal conditions for assay of serum alkaline phosphatase at 30° were found to be 0.75 M 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol buffer, pH30° 10.15, 4 mmole substrate, and 100 µl. or less sample size. Studies of the factors affecting analytical precision-i.e., control of reaction temperature, of reagent manufacture, and of standardization-are discussed. The precision of this method was 2.3% (relative standard deviation) on 10 within day replicates and 5.0% on day-to-day replicates spread over a 5-week period. The range of activity for 258 apparently healthy adult blood donors was 6-110 mU./ml. (International milliunits per milliliter), with a mean of 49 and a standard deviation of 14.

THE ROLE OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN INTESTINAL ABSORPTION I. THE KINETICS OF PHOSPHATASE ACTION ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Neil B. Madsen ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Egg Lecithin ◽  
Michaelis Constants ◽  
Inhibition Studies ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The kinetics of intestinal alkaline phosphatase action on sodium β-glycerophosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and egg lecithin have been studied and compared. The Michaelis constants indicate that the enzyme shows considerably less affinity for lecithin than for the other two substrates, and the approximate ratio of activity with lecithin, glucose 6-phosphate, and sodium β-glycerophosphate is 11 : 78.5 : 100. The energies of activation for the hydrolysis of the three substrates do not differ appreciably and the average energy of activation is 14,500 calories per gram-mole. The similarity of the energies of activation together with results from inhibition studies indicate that in all probability the same enzyme is responsible for the release of inorganic phosphorus from each of the three substrates.

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