Removal of hydrogen sulfide by Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum in immobilized-cell and sulfur-settling free-cell recycle reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Woo Kim ◽  
Ho Nam Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Cell Recycle ◽  
Chlorobium Thiosulfatophilum

Response to phage infection of immobilized lactococci during continuous acidification and inoculation of skim milk

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia M. L. Passos ◽  
Todd R. Klaenhammer ◽  
Harold E. Swaisgood
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Viable Cell Concentration ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Stainless Steel Mesh ◽  
Immobilized Cell Bioreactor ◽  
Column Bioreactor

SummaryA laboratory scale bioreactor was used for continuous acidification and inoculation of milk with a proteinase-negative, lactose-fermenting strain,Lactococcus lactissubsp.lactisC2S. Calcium alginate-entrapped cells were immobilized on a spiral stainless steel mesh incorporated into a column bioreactor and used to acidify and inoculate reconstituted skim milk. Characteristics of the immobilized cell bioreactor (ICB) were compared with those of a free cell bioreactor (FCB) during challenge with a virulent phage. Steady state biomass and lactate productivities were respectively 25-fold and 12-fold larger with the ICB than with the FCB. The ICB and the FCB were inoculated with the prolate phage c2 at multiplicities of infection of 0·25 and 0·02 respectively. Within 90 min of the infection, the FCB viable cell concentration dropped by five orders of magnitude and never recovered, while the plaque forming units/ml increased dramatically. In the ICB, released cells decreased immediately after infection, but subsequently increased, while the plaque forming units/ml steadily declined, indicating that phage were being washed out of the bioreactor. Productivity of FCB decreased to zero, whereas productivity of the ICB only decreased ∼ 60% and subsequently recovered to its initial steady state value.

scholarly journals Kinetic study of carbazole degradation by free and immobilized Thalassospira profundimaris

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Putera Nik Aiman Mustaqim Othman ◽  
Othman Inayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Mixing Quality ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Carbazole, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a hazardous compound and a pollutant that can mainly be found in the petroleum industry. This pollutant can be treated in many ways and one of it is known as bioremediation. A method of using degrading-cell-organism, Thalassospira profundimaris, that is able to consume the pollutant as its food source and produce metabolite, harmless substance in exchange, splits into two ways which are using the cell as free cell and the other is using it as immobilized cell. There are many factors that are affecting the performance of the cell degradation. In this study, initial concentration of carbazole and agitation speed parameters have been tested and kinetic models built based on the results of this study. This study found that in term of initial concentration of carbazole, the performance of degradation cell is better on immobilized cell but not so significant based on kinetic models built. However, addition of good mixing quality enhanced the degradation performance significantly when the agitation speed is in range of 100 revolution per minute (rpm) and below.

Textile Effluent Discoloration by Immobilized Phanerochaete Chrysosporium into PVA-Alginate-Sulfate Beads

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Atikah Husna Ahmad Nasir ◽  
Nor Fadhilatul Shilla Mohd Asri ◽  
Nor Azimah Mohd Zain ◽  
Mohd Suardi Suhaimi ◽  
Ani Idris
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Immobilization Matrix ◽  
Preliminary Research

This paper presents preliminary research on immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium in PVA-alginate-sulfate beads to discolor textile effluents. It is an alternative technique from the current physico-chemicals. The main focus of this study was to determine the colour removal, Chemical oxygen deman (COD) removal and manganese peroxidase activity of the immobilized P.crysosporium. Immobilized P.crysosporium also confers advantages such as reusability and improved cell performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was also performed to characterize the immobilization matrix. The immobilized results were compared with that of free cells. Immobilized cells were able to discolor 47.14% compared to free cells which recorded 10.78% colour removal. The COD removal of immobilized cell is more than 60% as compared to that of free cells, which could only reduced 30% of COD. Finally, the manganase peroxidase activities showed a slight difference between the immobilized and free cell at 0.15U/L and 0.13U/L respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of raffinose and ultrasound pulses on invertase release by free and immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in loofa (Luffa cylindrica) sponge

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Larisa Medeiros Marques ◽  
João Batista Buzato ◽  
Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Ultrasound Application

This study investigated the effect of raffinose and ultrasound pulses on invertase release from free S. cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae immobilized in Luffa cylindrica. The free cell culture was submitted to 2% raffinose pulse and irradiated for 2 minutes at 0.12 and 0.46 h-1 dilution rates. The immobilized cell culture was submitted to raffinose pulse and irradiated for 1, 2 and 4 minutes, at 0.10 h-1 dilution rate. In immobilized cells, the raffinose pulse increased the invertase activity from 5.38 to 7.27 U/mg. Ultrasound application in free cell culture at the 0.12 h-1 dilution rate gave the best results. The activity varied from 25.08 to 29.38 U/mg while the increase in immobilized cells was from 5.22 to 9.70 U/mg when sonicated for two minutes. These results showed that ultrasound application in continuous culture could have great potential for application in biotechnological techniques.

scholarly journals Valorization of Waste Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone with Biocatalysts Obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Stasiak-Różańska ◽  
Anna Berthold-Pluta ◽  
Pritam Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Cell Extract ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Valuable Compounds

Waste glycerol is the main by-product generated during biodiesel production, in an amount reaching up to 10% of the produced biofuel. Is there any method which allows changing this waste into industrial valuable compounds? This manuscript describes a method for valorization of crude glycerol via microbial bioconversion. It has been shown that the use of free and immobilized biocatalysts obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans can enable beneficial valorization of crude glycerol to industrially valuable dihydroxyacetone. The highest concentration of this compound, reaching over 20 g·L−1, was obtained after 72 h of biotransformation with free G. oxydans cells, in a medium containing 30 or 50 g·L−1 of waste glycerol. Using a free cell extract resulted in higher concentrations of dihydroxyacetone and a higher valorization efficiency (up to 98%) compared to the reaction with an immobilized cell extract. Increasing waste glycerol concentration to 50 g·L−1 causes neither a faster nor higher increase in product yield and reaction efficiency compared to its initial concentration of 30 g·L−1. The proposed method could be an alternative for utilization of a petrochemical waste into industry applicated chemicals.

Protection of Bifidobacteria Encapsulated in Polysaccharide-Protein Gel Beads against Gastric Juice and Bile

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2076-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL GUÉRIN ◽  
JEAN-CHRISTOPHE VUILLEMARD ◽  
MURIEL SUBIRADE
Keyword(s):  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Free Cells

Bifidobacterium cells were encapsulated in a mixed gel composed of alginate, pectin, and whey proteins. Two kinds of capsules were obtained: gel beads without membranes and gel beads with two membranes formed by the transacylation reaction. In vitro studies were carried out to determine the effects of simulated gastric pH and bile salts on the survival of free and encapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum. The protective effects of gel beads without membranes and gel beads coated with two membranes formed by the transacylation reaction were evaluated. After 1 h in an acidic solution (pH 2.5), the free-cell counts decreased by 4.75 log units, compared with a <1-log decrease for entrapped cells. The free cells did not survive after 2 h of incubation at pH 2.5, while immobilized-cell counts decreased by about 2 log units. After incubation (1 or 3 h) in 2 and 4% bile salt solutions, the bifidobacterium mortality level for membrane-free gel beads (4 to 7 log units) was higher than that for free cells (2 to 3 log units). However, counts of bifidobacteria immobilized in membrane-coated gel beads decreased by <2 log units. Cell encapsulation in membrane-coated protein-polysaccharide gel beads could be used to increase the survival of healthy probiotic bacteria during their transit through the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Marine Microalgae Immobilization in Alginate Bead for Marine Water Treatment: Bead Stability, Cell Growth, and Ammonia Removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Lin Soo ◽  
Cheng-Ann Chen ◽  
Othman Bojo ◽  
Yii-Siang Hii
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Alginate Bead ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
Marine Microalga ◽  
Significant Difference

Sodium alginate is the most commonly used polymer matrix in microalgae immobilization for water treatment. However, the susceptibility of alginate matrixes to cation chelating agents and antigelling cation limits the use of alginates in estuarine and marine systems. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the stability of alginate bead in marine water and the feasibility of microalgae to grow when immobilized in alginate bead for marine water treatment. Different concentrations of alginate and hardening cation calcium were used to formulate beads. The beads were incubated in Guillard’s f/2 medium and shaken vigorously by using orbital shaker for 15 days. The results indicated that bead stability was enhanced by increasing alginate and CaCl2 concentrations. Subsequently, the marine microalga, Nannochloropsis sp., was immobilized in calcium alginate bead. The growth and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH4+-N) uptake by immobilized cell were compared with free cell culture in f/2 medium. Specific growth rate of immobilized cell (0.063 hr−1) was significantly higher than free cell (0.027 hr−1). There was no significant difference on specific uptake rate of free cell and immobilized cell; but immobilized cell removed significantly more NH4+-N (82.2%) than free cell (47.3%) culture at the end of the experiment. The present study demonstrated the potential use of alginate immobilization technique in marine microalgae culture and water treatment simultaneously.

EFFECT OF INLET LOADING RATE ON THE ELIMINATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND AMMONIA IN IMMOBILIZED CELL BIOFILTERS

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Eldon R. Rene ◽  
Seung-Han Park ◽  
Hung-Suck Park
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Immobilized Cell
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