Effect of Electrospun Fiber Diameter and Alignment on Macrophage Activation and Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1900-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Saino ◽  
Maria Letizia Focarete ◽  
Chiara Gualandi ◽  
Enzo Emanuele ◽  
Antonia I. Cornaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines

scholarly journals Optimization of Electrospun Poly(caprolactone) Fiber Diameter for Vascular Scaffolds to Maximize Smooth Muscle Cell Infiltration and Phenotype Modulation

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Geun Han ◽  
Chi Bum Ahn ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Yongsung Hwang ◽  
Joo Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Vsmc Proliferation ◽  
Vascular Scaffolds ◽  
Poly Caprolactone

Due to the morphological resemblance between the electrospun nanofibers and extracellular matrix (ECM), electrospun fibers have been widely used to fabricate scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Relationships between scaffold morphologies and cells are cell type dependent. In this study, we sought to determine an optimum electrospun fiber diameter for human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) regeneration in vascular scaffolds. Scaffolds were produced using poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fiber diameters of 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 2.5, 5, 7 or 10 μm, and VSMC survivals, proliferations, infiltrations, and phenotypes were recorded after culturing cells on these scaffolds for one, four, seven, or 10 days. VSMC phenotypes and macrophage infiltrations into scaffolds were evaluated by implanting scaffolds subcutaneously in a mouse for seven, 14, or 28 days. We found that human VSMC survival was not dependent on the electrospun fiber diameter. In summary, increasing fiber diameter reduced VSMC proliferation, increased VSMC infiltration and increased macrophage infiltration and activation. Our results indicate that electrospun PCL fiber diameters of 7 or 10 µm are optimum in terms of VSMC infiltration and macrophage infiltration and activation, albeit at the expense of VSMC proliferation.

scholarly journals Intestinal Permeability Is a Mechanical Rheostat in the Pathogenesis of Liver Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6921
Author(s):  
Norihisa Nishimura ◽  
Kosuke Kaji ◽  
Koh Kitagawa ◽  
Yasuhiko Sawada ◽  
Masanori Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Liver Disease Progression ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Recent studies have suggested that an alteration in the gut microbiota and their products, particularly endotoxins derived from Gram-negative bacteria, may play a major role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Gut dysbiosis caused by a high-fat diet and alcohol consumption induces increased intestinal permeability, which means higher translocation of bacteria and their products and components, including endotoxins, the so-called “leaky gut”. Clinical studies have found that plasma endotoxin levels are elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease. A decrease in commensal nonpathogenic bacteria including Ruminococaceae and Lactobacillus and an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae are observed in cirrhotic patients. The decreased diversity of the gut microbiota in cirrhotic patients before liver transplantation is also related to a higher incidence of post-transplant infections and cognitive impairment. The exposure to endotoxins activates macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to a greater production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, which play key roles in the progression of liver diseases. TLR4 is a major receptor activated by the binding of endotoxins in macrophages, and its downstream signal induces proinflammatory cytokines. The expression of TLR4 is also observed in nonimmune cells in the liver, such as hepatic stellate cells, which play a crucial role in the progression of liver fibrosis that develops into hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting the importance of the interaction between endotoxemia and TLR4 signaling as a target for preventing liver disease progression. In this review, we summarize the findings for the role of gut-derived endotoxemia underlying the progression of liver pathogenesis.

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases 3 and 4 direct glycerolipid synthesis and affect functionality in activated macrophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Y. Quiroga ◽  
Magali Pellon-Maison ◽  
Amanda L. Suchanek ◽  
Rosalind A. Coleman ◽  
Maria R. Gonzalez-Baro
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Lipid Mass ◽  
Glycerolipid Synthesis

AbstractMacrophage classical M1 activation via TLR4 triggers a variety of responses to achieve the elimination of foreign pathogens. During this process, there is also an increase in lipid droplets which contain large quantities of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL). The functional consequences of this increment in lipid mass are poorly understood. Here, we studied the contribution of glycerolipid synthesis to lipid accumulation, focusing specifically on the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with Kdo2-lipid A, we showed that glycerolipid synthesis is induced during macrophage activation. GPAT4 protein level and GPAT3/GPAT4 enzymatic activity increase during this process, and these two isoforms were required for the accumulation of cell TAG and PL. The phagocytic capacity of Gpat3−/− and Gpat4−/− BMDM was impaired. Additionally, inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation reduced phagocytosis only partially, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not necessary for the energy requirements for phagocytosis. Finally, Gpat4−/− BMDM expressed and released more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after macrophage activation, suggesting a role for GPAT4 in suppressing inflammatory responses. Together, these results provide evidence that glycerolipid synthesis directed by GPAT4 is important for the attenuation of the inflammatory response in activated macrophages.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Airways of Asthmatics

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (17) ◽  
pp. 2033-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhe Lyu ◽  
Kewu Huang ◽  
Chris J Corrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines

Effect of Concentration on Electrospinning Oil Sorptive Fiber

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1611-1616
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Liu ◽  
Hua Bin Xu ◽  
Yi Bing Deng
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Sorption Ability

Electrospinning is a convenient method used in the preparation of ultrafine oil sorptive fibers based on Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), Electrospun fiber diameter, varying in large from micrometer to nanometer, mainly depends upon the solution concentration, which has great influence on this function fiber’s sorption ability. The non-linear relation between mean fiber diameter (d) and solution concentration (C) was investigated and it follows a simple scaling law in the form . This relationship can be used to predict the target fiber diameter and guide the processing technique. The effects of various C on oil sorption ability were investigated in a batch-sorption technique. A comparison of the kinetic models, showed that the removal rate fit the first order kinetic model well, which suggested the sorption process is rapid, can reach equilibrium within a short time.

scholarly journals Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. S12-S22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ruiz-Ortega ◽  
Mónica Ruperez ◽  
Oscar Lorenzo ◽  
Vanesa Esteban ◽  
Julia Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines
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