Galectins as Novel Regulators of Platelet Signaling and Function: Therapeutic Implications

2012 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Rabinovich ◽  
Mirta Schattner
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Platelet Signaling ◽  
And Function

Role of Platelet Signaling in Thrombus Stabilization: Potential Therapeutic Implications

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Angelillo-Scherrer ◽  
Francois Saller ◽  
Marc Schapira
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Platelet Signaling

scholarly journals cGMP: a unique 2nd messenger molecule – recent developments in cGMP research and development

2019 ◽  
Vol 393 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Friebe ◽  
Peter Sandner ◽  
Achim Schmidtko
Keyword(s):  
Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function ◽  
Messenger Molecule

AbstractCyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a unique second messenger molecule formed in different cell types and tissues. cGMP targets a variety of downstream effector molecules and, thus, elicits a very broad variety of cellular effects. Its production is triggered by stimulation of either soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) or particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC); both enzymes exist in different isoforms. cGMP-induced effects are regulated by endogenous receptor ligands such as nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). Depending on the distribution of sGC and pGC and the formation of ligands, this pathway regulates not only the cardiovascular system but also the kidney, lung, liver, and brain function; in addition, the cGMP pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, inflammation, or neurodegeneration and may also play a role in infectious diseases such as malaria. Moreover, new pharmacological approaches are being developed which target sGC- and pGC-dependent pathways for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, it is of key interest to understand this pathway from scratch, beginning with the molecular basis of cGMP generation, the structure and function of both guanylyl cyclases and cGMP downstream targets; research efforts also focus on the subsequent signaling cascades, their potential crosstalk, and also the translational and, ultimately, the clinical implications of cGMP modulation. This review tries to summarize the contributions to the “9th International cGMP Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications” held in Mainz in 2019. Presented data will be discussed and extended also in light of recent landmark findings and ongoing activities in the field of preclinical and clinical cGMP research.

scholarly journals Identification of galectins as novel regulators of platelet signaling and function

IUBMB Life ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Albertina Romaniuk ◽  
Soledad Negrotto ◽  
Oscar Campetella ◽  
Gabriel Adrian Rabinovich ◽  
Mirta Schattner
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Signaling ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Cargo, Function, and Therapeutic Implications

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jabalee ◽  
Rebecca Towle ◽  
Cathie Garnis
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Immune Destruction ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cargo Molecule

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous collection of membrane-bound structures that play key roles in intercellular communication. EVs are potent regulators of tumorigenesis and function largely via the shuttling of cargo molecules (RNA, DNA, protein, etc.) among cancer cells and the cells of the tumor stroma. EV-based crosstalk can promote proliferation, shape the tumor microenvironment, enhance metastasis, and allow tumor cells to evade immune destruction. In many cases these functions have been linked to the presence of specific cargo molecules. Herein we will review various types of EV cargo molecule and their functional impacts in the context of oncology.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Resveratrol in Mouse Gastrocnemius: A Hint to Muscle Phenotype and Proteolysis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Laura Mañas-García ◽  
Charlotte Denhard ◽  
Javier Mateu ◽  
Xavier Duran ◽  
Joaquim Gea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Resveratrol Treatment ◽  
And Function

We hypothesized that the phenolic compound resveratrol mitigates muscle protein degradation and loss and improves muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in gastrocnemius of mice exposed to unloading (7dI). In gastrocnemius of mice (female C57BL/6J, 10 weeks) exposed to a seven-day period of hindlimb immobilization with/without resveratrol treatment, markers of muscle proteolysis (tyrosine release, systemic troponin-I), atrophy signaling pathways, and muscle phenotypic features and function were analyzed. In gastrocnemius of unloaded mice treated with resveratrol, body and muscle weight and function were attenuated, whereas muscle proteolysis (tyrosine release), proteolytic and apoptotic markers, atrophy signaling pathways, and myofiber CSA significantly improved. Resveratrol treatment of mice exposed to a seven-day period of unloading prevented body and muscle weight and limb strength loss, while an improvement in muscle proteolysis, proteolytic markers, atrophy signaling pathways, apoptosis, and muscle fiber CSA was observed in the gastrocnemius muscle. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications in the management of disuse muscle atrophy in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Sophisticated Gene Regulation for a Complex Physiological System: The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Photoreceptor Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Carrella ◽  
Sandro Banfi ◽  
Marianthi Karali
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Photoreceptors (PRs) are specialized neuroepithelial cells of the retina responsible for sensory transduction of light stimuli. In the highly structured vertebrate retina, PRs have a highly polarized modular structure to accommodate the demanding processes of phototransduction and the visual cycle. Because of their function, PRs are exposed to continuous cellular stress. PRs are therefore under pressure to maintain their function in defiance of constant environmental perturbation, besides being part of a highly sophisticated developmental process. All this translates into the need for tightly regulated and responsive molecular mechanisms that can reinforce transcriptional programs. It is commonly accepted that regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), are not only involved but indeed central in conferring robustness and accuracy to developmental and physiological processes. Here we integrate recent findings on the role of regulatory ncRNAs (e.g., miRNAs, lncRNAs, circular RNAs, and antisense RNAs), and of their contribution to PR pathophysiology. We also outline the therapeutic implications of translational studies that harness ncRNAs to prevent PR degeneration and promote their survival and function.

scholarly journals Endothelial function and dysfunction in the cardiovascular system: the long non-coding road

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1692-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P Monteiro ◽  
Matthew Bennett ◽  
Julie Rodor ◽  
Axelle Caudrillier ◽  
Igor Ulitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractPresent throughout the vasculature, endothelial cells (ECs) are essential for blood vessel function and play a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the intricate molecular determinants governing endothelial function and dysfunction is essential to develop novel clinical breakthroughs and improve knowledge. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are active regulators of the endothelial transcriptome and function, providing emerging insights into core questions surrounding EC contributions to pathology, and perhaps the emergence of novel therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss this class of non-coding transcripts and their role in endothelial biology during cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease, highlighting challenges during discovery and characterization and how these have been overcome to date. We further discuss the translational therapeutic implications and the challenges within the field, highlighting lncRNA that support endothelial phenotypes prevalent in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals PGC-1α in Disease: Recent Renal Insights into a Versatile Metabolic Regulator

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Chambers ◽  
Rebecca A. Wingert
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
And Function

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is perhaps best known as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. However, by virtue of its interactions as a coactivator for numerous nuclear receptors and transcription factors, PGC-1α also regulates many tissue-specific tasks that include adipogenesis, angiogenesis, gluconeogenesis, heme biosynthesis, thermogenesis, and cellular protection against degeneration. Knowledge about these functions continue to be discovered with ongoing research. Unsurprisingly, alterations in PGC-1α expression lead to a range of deleterious outcomes. In this review, we provide a brief background on the PGC-1 family with an overview of PGC-1α’s roles as an adaptive link to meet cellular needs and its pathological consequences in several organ contexts. Among the latter, kidney health is especially reliant on PGC-1α. Thus, we discuss here at length how changes in PGC-1α function impact the states of renal cancer, acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as emerging data that illuminate pivotal roles for PGC-1α during renal development. We survey a new intriguing association of PGC-1α function with ciliogenesis and polycystic kidney disease (PKD), where recent animal studies revealed that embryonic renal cyst formation can occur in the context of PGC-1α deficiency. Finally, we explore future prospects for PGC-1α research and therapeutic implications for this multifaceted coactivator.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins: Pathogenic Role in Atherosclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Kilic ◽  
Kaushik Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Endothelial Cell Surface ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
And Function

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved group of proteins that are constitutively expressed and function as molecular chaperones, aiding in protein folding and preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins. In the arterial wall, HSPs have a protective role under normal physiologic conditions. In disease states, however, HSPs expressed on the vascular endothelial cell surface can act as targets for detrimental autoimmunity due to their highly conserved sequences. Developing therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis based on HSPs is challenged by the need to balance such physiologic and pathologic roles of these proteins. This paper summarizes the role of HSPs in normal vascular wall processes as well as in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The potential implications of HSPs in clinical therapies for atherosclerosis are also discussed.

scholarly journals Current understanding of cortical structure and function in migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 1683-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Else A Tolner ◽  
Shih-Pin Chen ◽  
Katharina Eikermann-Haerter
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cortical Structure ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
And Function

Objective To review and discuss the literature on the role of cortical structure and function in migraine. Discussion Structural and functional findings suggest that changes in cortical morphology and function contribute to migraine susceptibility by modulating dynamic interactions across cortical and subcortical networks. The involvement of the cortex in migraine is well established for the aura phase with the underlying phenomenon of cortical spreading depolarization, while increasing evidence suggests an important role for the cortex in perception of head pain and associated sensations. As part of trigeminovascular pain and sensory processing networks, cortical dysfunction is likely to also affect initiation of attacks. Conclusion Morphological and functional changes identified across cortical regions are likely to contribute to initiation, cyclic recurrence and chronification of migraine. Future studies are needed to address underlying mechanisms, including interactions between cortical and subcortical regions and effects of internal (e.g. genetics, gender) and external (e.g. sensory inputs, stress) modifying factors, as well as possible clinical and therapeutic implications.

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