The Effect of Pellet Processing and Exposure Time on Dry Hop Aroma Extraction

2012 ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wolfe ◽  
Michael C. Qian ◽  
Thomas H. Shellhammer
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Structure images of Si, Ge and Mos2 crystals and some application to radiation damage studies

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Izui ◽  
T. Nishida ◽  
S. Furuno ◽  
H. Otsu ◽  
S. Kuwabara
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Magnetic Lens

Recently we have observed the structure images of silicon in the (110), (111) and (100) projection respectively, and then examined the optimum defocus and thickness ranges for the formation of such images on the basis of calculations of image contrasts using the n-slice theory. The present paper reports the effects of a chromatic aberration and a slight misorientation on the images, and also presents some applications of structure images of Si, Ge and MoS2 to the radiation damage studies.(1) Effect of a chromatic aberration and slight misorientation: There is an inevitable fluctuation in the amount of defocus due to a chromatic aberration originating from the fluctuations both in the energies of electrons and in the magnetic lens current. The actual image is a results of superposition of those fluctuated images during the exposure time. Assuming the Gaussian distribution for defocus, Δf around the optimum defocus value Δf0, the intensity distribution, I(x,y) in the image formed by this fluctuation is given by

Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
O. V. Matsneva ◽  
T. M. Khromova ◽  
V. V. Shakhov
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diploid Gametes

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Mengurangi Jumlah Bakteri coliform pada Sampel Air Sungai Kahayan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neny Kurniawati, Kerelius, Sunariyati ◽  
Luqman Hakim, Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani, Widya Krestina ◽  
Dwi Tyas Setiawan, Ferry Purwanto, Diah K. Fatmala
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Grab Sampling

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu paparan gelombang ultrasonik terhadap pengurangan jumlah koloni bakteri coliform pada sampel air sungai Kahayan. Pengambilan sampel air sungai dilakukan dengan teknik Grab Sampling menggunakan alat Kemmerer Sampler. Sampel air yang didapatkan diberikan paparan gelombang ultrasonik secara langsung, tanpa merubah kondisi lingkungan awal. Waktu paparan divariasikan pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam dengan frekuensi 40 kHz untuk memperoleh data waktu optimum. Uji coliform dilakukan dengan metode MPN, dengan tahapan uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, dan perhitungan koloni. Hasil uji MPN 24 jam setelah paparan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ultrasonik sebagai antibateri dapat optimum ketika diberikan paparan dengan waktu 3 jam, dengan efisiensi  96%. Kata kunci: antibakteri, coliform, ultrasonik, water treatment, sungai Kahayan  Abstract – This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure time on reducing the number of coliform bacterial colonies in the Kahayan river water samples. River water sampling is done using the Grab Sampling technique using the Kemmerer Sampler tool. The water samples obtained were given direct ultrasonic wave exposure, without changing the initial environmental conditions. The exposure time is varied in 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours with a frequency of 40 kHz to obtain optimum time data. Coliform test was carried out by the MPN method, with the stages of the estimation test, affirmation test, and colony calculation. The MPN test results 24 hours after exposure showed that the use of ultrasonic as an antibody can be optimum when given exposure with a time of 3 hours, with an efficiency of 96%.Keywords : antibakterial, coliform, ultrasonic, water treatment, Kahayan river

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