Efficacy of Sediment Basins for Reducing Sediment and Pyrethroid Transport in Almond Orchards

2011 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
James C. Markle ◽  
Tamara E. Watson ◽  
Terry L. Prichard ◽  
P. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Almond Orchards

scholarly journals Cover Crop Contributions to Improve the Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Sequestration in Almond Orchards (SW Spain)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Repullo-Ruibérriz de Torres ◽  
Manuel Moreno-García ◽  
Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana ◽  
Belén Cárceles Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Sw Spain ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Shallow Soils

Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill. [D.A. Webb]) is the third most widely spread crop in Spain and has traditionally been cultivated in marginal areas and shallow soils under rainfed conditions. However, it recently has been progressively introduced in flat irrigated areas. The implementation of cover crops in the inter-rows of woody crops has been proven as a suitable strategy to reduce the runoff and soil erosion but they also can boost soil quality and health. A field experiment was conducted during two-monitoring seasons to examine the soil nitrogen and carbon sequestration potential of three seeded cover crops [barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and a mixture of 65% barley and 35% vetch] and a control of spontaneous flora in irrigated almond orchards (SW Spain). Here, we show that barley provided the highest biomass amount, followed by mixture covers, vetch, and the control treatment. Also, vetch covered the soil faster in the growing stage, but its residues were decomposed easier than barley and mixture treatments during the decomposition period after mowing, providing less soil protection when the risk of water erosion with autumn rainfall is high. On the other hand, vetch improved soil nitrate content by over 35% with respect to barley and mixture treatments at 0–20 cm soil depth throughout the studied period. In addition, a greater carbon input to the soil was determined in the barley plot. That is, the mixture and barley cover crops had higher potential for carbon sequestration, augmenting the soil organic carbon by more than 1.0 Mg ha−1 during the study period. Thus, taking into consideration the findings of the present experiment, the establishment of a seeded cover crop would be more advisable than spontaneous flora to mitigate soil erosion, enhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration in irrigated almond plantations in Mediterranean semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ecballium elaterium in Almond Orchards

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Blank ◽  
Nitzan Birger ◽  
Hanan Eizenberg
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Suitable Target ◽  
Almond Orchards

The concept of site-specific weed management is based on the assumption that weeds are aggregated in patches. In this study, we surveyed four plots in four commercial almond orchards for three years and mapped the locations of Ecballium elaterium, a troublesome weed in Israeli agriculture, specifically in almond orchards. We analyzed the spatial pattern of the plants’ locations using nearest neighbor analysis and Ripley’s L function. The number of E. elaterium plants increased by more than 70% in the four plots from 2015 to 2016. In addition, the observed mean distance between nearest neighbors increased by more than 10% from 2016 and 2017. We found in all four plots that the spatial pattern of E. elaterium was clustered and that these weed patch locations were consistent over the years although the density within the patches increased. The extent of these clusters ranged between 40 to 70 m and remained similar in size throughout the study. These features make E. elaterium a suitable target for site-specific weed management and for pre-emergence patch spraying. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal pattern of weeds could aid in understanding their ecology and could help target herbicide treatments to specific locations of the field and, thus, reducing the chemical application.

scholarly journals Carbon emissions and economic assessment of farm operations under different tillage practices in organic rainfed almond orchards in semiarid Mediterranean conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 108978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Martin-Gorriz ◽  
José F. Maestre-Valero ◽  
María Almagro ◽  
Carolina Boix-Fayos ◽  
María Martínez-Mena
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

scholarly journals Inoculum and Infection Dynamics of Polystigma amygdalinum in Almond Orchards in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1239-1246
Author(s):  
Erick Zúñiga ◽  
Joaquín Romero ◽  
Andrés Ollero-Lara ◽  
María Lovera ◽  
Octavio Arquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Almond Orchards ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Red leaf blotch (RLB) disease of almond, caused by Polystigma amygdalinum, is an important foliar disease in most production regions of the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East because severe infections may cause a premature defoliation of the tree. Some key aspects on the epidemiology of P. amygdalinum were studied in multiyear trials in two almond-growing regions in Spain, which included the seasonal development of perithecia and production and germination of ascospores along with the disease incubation and plant infectivity periods. Our results showed that primary inoculum was available in extended periods (January to August). Significant differences in ascospore amounts among regions, higher in the southern Andalusia and lower in the northern Catalonia, and years of study were detected. The factors geographical location, sampling period, and evaluation year were found significant on the development of P. amygdalinum perithecia. Variable ascospore germination rates were observed from April to July: >15% but rarely exceeding 30%. The RLB infectivity period in Catalonia extended from March to mid-June, whereas in Andalusia it was from March to May. The incubation period was mainly in a range of 5 to 10 weeks in Catalonia. The environmental conditions of October to January influence the available ascospore amounts in the next season. RLB infection occurs in spring to summer when mean temperatures are in the range 10 to 20°C. These results represent the first step in developing a prediction model of the disease that might serve as a tool for the control of RLB.

scholarly journals Wildflower Plantings Do Not Compete With Neighboring Almond Orchards for Pollinator Visits

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Lundin ◽  
Kimiora L. Ward ◽  
Derek R. Artz ◽  
Natalie K. Boyle ◽  
Theresa L. Pitts-Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Almond Orchards
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