Sodium Channel Point Mutations Associated with Pyrethroid Resistance in the Head Louse,Pediculus humanus capitis

2005 ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tomita ◽  
Noboru Yaguchi ◽  
Minoru Mihara ◽  
Noriaki Agui ◽  
Shinji Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Pediculus Humanus

Identification and characterization of an esterase involved in malathion resistance in the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deok Ho Kwon ◽  
Ju Hyeon Kim ◽  
Young Ho Kim ◽  
Kyong Sup Yoon ◽  
J. Marshall Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Louse ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Pyrethroid Pediculicide Resistance of Head Lice in Canada Evaluated by Serial Invasive Signal Amplification Reaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Marcoux ◽  
Kathleen G. Palma ◽  
Nalini Kaul ◽  
Hilliary Hodgdon ◽  
Andrea Van Geest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Human Head ◽  
The United States ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Amplification Reaction

Background: Most people in the United States and Canada with pediculosis will be treated with neurotoxic pediculicides containing pyrethrins or pyrethroids. Their widespread use led to significant resistance reported from various countries. Although treatment failures are frequently observed in Canada, the resistance frequency to pyrethroid pediculicide of human head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) has not been determined. Objective: To determine the knockdown resistance ( kdr) allele frequency in human head louse populations in Canada. Methods: Patients infested with Pediculus humanus capitis, aged 4 to 65 years, residents of Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia, were participants. Head lice were collected by combing and picking the enrolled subjects' hair. Lice were analyzed by serial invasive signal amplification reaction (SISAR) for genotyping the T917I mutation of lice indicating permethrin resistance. The permethrin-resistant kdr allele (R allele) frequency could then be evaluated in the head lice collected in Canada. Results: Of the head louse populations analyzed, 133 of 137 (97.1%) had a resistant (R) allele frequency, whereas only 4 of 137 (2.9%) had a susceptible (S) allele frequency. Conclusions: The 97.1% resistant (R) allele frequency in head lice from Canada could explain the treatment failures encountered with pyrethrin and pyrethroid pediculicide treatments in Canadian populations infested with Pediculus humanus capitis as the latter will not be eliminated by those pediculicides.

Natural population of the head-louse (Pediculus humanus capitis: Anoplura) on infected children in England

Parasitology ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Mellanby
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Pediculus Humanus

The louse populations of the heads of 93 infested children, 45 boys and 48 girls under 14 years of age from a northern English industrial city have been examined.The average number of lice per head was 14·8 for all children, 12·7 for boys and 16·8 for girls. The maximum population observed was 142.The majority of infestations (65%) were light with under 10 lice. Girls were more frequently heavily infested than boys.Most of the infestations, though light, must have been established at least for some weeks.

Pediculus humanus capitis : Pyrethroid resistance and utility of scanning electron microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Minakawa ◽  
Yasushi Matsuzaki ◽  
Sayaka Yamaguchi ◽  
Kenzo Takahashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Kayaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals AVOIDING EXTINCTION BY MIGRATION: THE CASE OF THE HEAD LOUSE

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1550010
Author(s):  
OCTAVIO CABRERA ◽  
DAMIÁN H. ZANETTE
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
Biological Population ◽  
Risk Of Extinction ◽  
Spatial Domains

The possibility of spreading by migration, colonizing new spatial domains suitable for development and reproduction, can substantially relieve a biological population from the risk of extinction. By means of a realistic computational model based on empirical data, we study this phenomenon for the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. In particular, we show that a lice colony infesting a single isolated host is prone to extinction by stochastic population fluctuations within an interval of several months, while migration over a relatively small group of hosts in contact with each other is enough to insure the prevalence of the infestation for indefinitely long periods. We characterize the interplay of the size of the host group with the host-to-host contagion probability, which controls a transition between extinction of the lice population and a situation where the infestation is endemic.

scholarly journals Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Jalal Mohammadi ◽  
Kourosh Azizi ◽  
Hamzeh Alipour ◽  
Mohsen Kalantari ◽  
Masoumeh Bagheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Pediculus Humanus

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the most common insects causing infestations in humans worldwide, and infestation is associated with adverse socio-economic and public health effects. The development of genetic insensitivity (e.g., target site insensitivity = knockdown resistance or kdr) to topical insecticides has impaired effective treatment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to review and meta-analyze the frequency of pyrethroid resistance in treated head louse populations from the beginning of 2000 to the end of June 2021 worldwide. In order to accomplish this, all English language articles published over this period were extracted and reviewed. Statistical analyses of data were performed using fixed and random effect model tests in meta-analysis, Cochrane, meta-regression and I2 index. A total of 24 articles from an initial sample size of 5033 were accepted into this systematic review. The mean frequency of pyrethroid resistance was estimated to be 76.9%. In collected resistant lice, 64.4% were homozygote and 30.3% were heterozygote resistant. Globally, four countries (Australia, England, Israel, and Turkey) have 100% kdr gene frequencies, likely resulting in the ineffectiveness of pyrethrin- and pyrethroid-based pediculicides. The highest resistance recorded in these studies was against permethrin. This study shows that pyrethroid resistance is found at relatively high frequencies in many countries. As a result, treatment with current insecticides may not be effective and is likely the cause of increased levels of infestations. It is recommended that resistance status be evaluated prior to insecticide treatment, to increase efficacy.

First Determination of Pyrethroid Knockdown Resistance Alleles in Human Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) From Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Roca-Acevedo ◽  
Carmen Paz del Solar Kupfer ◽  
Paulina Dressel Roa ◽  
Ariel Ceferino Toloza
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Pediculus Humanus Capitis ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Pediculus Humanus

AbstractThe infestation with the human ectoparasite, Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer), is a common public health problem affecting schoolchildren worldwide. In Chile, the main active ingredients present in the over-the-counter pediculicides contain pyrethroids. Despite the extended use of these products, there is no evidence of the insecticide resistance status of the head lice geographically located in Chile. The most extended resistant mechanism of pyrethroids consists of the target site insensitivity (Kdr) determined by the presence of mutations linked to insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. T917I is recognized as the main mutation in head lice, and detection is considered to be a biomarker of resistance. The goal of the present study was to detect the presence and distribution of T917I mutation in five geographic locations of Chile. All five geographically selected louse populations had a frequency of pyrethroid resistance genes that ranged from 36 to 77%, and 94.9% of the collected head lice had one or two T917I mutant alleles. Moreover, the frequency of the aggregate resistant alleles was 50.5%. This is the first evidence that head lice in Chile had the mutations commonly associated with the resistance to pyrethroids. Moreover, the overrepresentation of heterozygotes in the studied populations suggests that head lice in Chile are currently under active selective pressure.

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