Health Risk Assessment for Metals in Inorganic Fertilizers: Development and Use in Risk Management

2003 ◽  
pp. 124-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Woltering
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air In A Dispute Over Petrochemical Emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Theodore Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Chemical Valley

Combined air emissions from multiple petrochemical facilities operating in the area known as Chemical Valley in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, have led to escalating concerns over health effects to nearby residents. By conducting a quantitative health risk assessment of ambient air data collected from 2008-2014, this thesis investigated whether current emissions are resulting in increased health risk for the population living near Chemical Valley. The results of this analysis are that health risks are slightly higher than levels considered acceptable for large populations, but are within levels often accepted for smaller groups based on the traditional risk assessment - risk management paradigm. Interpreting these results in the context of the literature about the science-policy interface, and environmental dispute resolution, this thesis highlights several problems with using the traditional risk assessment - risk management paradigm as the basis for decision-making in environmental disputes— particularly when the affected population is Indigenous.

Science-policy in environmental and health risk assessment: if we cannot do without, can we do better?

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Ricci ◽  
L A Cox ◽  
T R MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa

How can empirical evidence of adverse effects from exposure to noxious agents, which is often incomplete and uncertain, be used most appropriately to protect human health? We examine several important questions on the best uses of empirical evidence in regulatory risk management decision–making raised by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s science–policy concerning uncertainty and variability in human health risk assessment. In our view, the US EPA (and other agencies that have adopted similar views of risk management) can often improve decision–making by decreasing reliance on default values and assumptions, particularly when causation is uncertain. This can be achieved by more fully exploiting decision–theoretic methods and criteria that explicitly account for uncertain, possibly conflicting scientific beliefs and that can be fully studied by advocates and adversaries of a policy choice, in administrative decision–making involving risk assessment. The substitution of decision–theoretic frameworks for default assumption–driven policies also allows stakeholder attitudes toward risk to be incorporated into policy debates, so that the public and risk managers can more explicitly identify the roles of risk–aversion or other attitudes toward risk and uncertainty in policy recommendations. Decision theory provides a sound scientific way explicitly to account for new knowledge and its effects on eventual policy choices. Although these improvements can complicate regulatory analyses, simplifying default assumptions can create substantial costs to society and can prematurely cut off consideration of new scientific insights (e.g., possible beneficial health effects from exposure to sufficiently low ‘hormetic’ doses of some agents). In many cases, the administrative burden of applying decision–analytic methods is likely to be more than offset by improved effectiveness of regulations in achieving desired goals. Because many foreign jurisdictions adopt US EPA reasoning and methods of risk analysis, it may be especially valuable to incorporate decision–theoretic principles that transcend local differences among jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Due to Natural Formaldehyde Intake through Opah Fish (Lampris guttatus) Consumption in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeng Kurniasari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Deterioration Process

Opah fish(Lampris guttatus) is one of the bycatch products of Tuna fish captured originally from Indonesia that currently has become as one of the exported commodities. However, it is stated that these fish contains high formaldehyde up to 200 ppm, which is strongly suspected naturally due to deterioration. Furthermore, the aim of this study is to obtain the data of probabilistic health risk assessment due to consumption of opah fish that contaminated with natural formaldehyde. The study was conducted on opah fish (Lampris guttatus) that were analyzed the formaldehyde concentration in it. Along with the consumption data, body weight and the formaldehyde concentration included two others simulations of two times and four times of formaldehyde value, probabilistic dietary exposure was calculated by @Risk and produced some data regard to health risk. The result showed that Opah fish caught in Indonesian waters could produce formaldehyde naturally due to deterioration process ranged from 4,62 ± 0,00 mg/kg to 58,10 ± 0,46 mg/kg. Consequently, the residents of female children in Jakarta and Surabaya considered as in health risk problems. Extremely, the further simulations of two times and four times of formaldehyde concentration showed the health risk to all residents in Jakarta and Surabaya included male, female, children, and adult. Therefore, the stakeholders included government and policymakers should take some priorities to formulating a proper risk management strategy on the basis of knowledge of endogenous formaldehyde present in Opah fish and risk management strategies for the fish consumer in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air In A Dispute Over Petrochemical Emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Theodore Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Chemical Valley

Combined air emissions from multiple petrochemical facilities operating in the area known as Chemical Valley in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, have led to escalating concerns over health effects to nearby residents. By conducting a quantitative health risk assessment of ambient air data collected from 2008-2014, this thesis investigated whether current emissions are resulting in increased health risk for the population living near Chemical Valley. The results of this analysis are that health risks are slightly higher than levels considered acceptable for large populations, but are within levels often accepted for smaller groups based on the traditional risk assessment - risk management paradigm. Interpreting these results in the context of the literature about the science-policy interface, and environmental dispute resolution, this thesis highlights several problems with using the traditional risk assessment - risk management paradigm as the basis for decision-making in environmental disputes— particularly when the affected population is Indigenous.

Spatial health risk assessment and hierarchical risk management for mercury in soils from a typical contaminated site, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Jingdong Zhang ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Chaoyang Liu ◽  
Zhongmin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Contaminated Site

Occupational health risk assessment at healthcare institutions: Developing a semi-quantitative risk method

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Chalak ◽  
Ghasem Bahramiazar ◽  
Javad Rasaee ◽  
Reza Fahimi ◽  
Asghar Noran Anbardan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Risk Levels

BACKGROUND: Environmental hazards in healthcare institutions affect the quality of patient care as well as personnel and patient safety. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and apply a semi-quantitative risk assessment method to calculate occupational health risk levels with regard to the sensitivities of healthcare institutions. METHODS: The present research was conducted in three phases. In phases 1 and 2, the model was developed using a review of different risk assessment methods, extracting expert opinions (N = 10) through semi-structured interviews, and using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). In phase 3, in order to validate the proposed method, one of the five public hospitals was randomly selected and a case study comprising 6 sections was performed. RESULTS: A total of 43 health risks were identified and evaluated using the present method, 41.86% of which were at very high levels, 16.27% at high levels, 30.23% at substantial ones, 9.3% at medium and 2.32% at low levels. The highest health risks were found in paraclinical and operating room wards. CONCLUSION: To overcome the shortcomings of the proposed health risk assessment methods, a semi-quantitative method was used in the present study to more accurately calculate the risk levels in the healthcare institutions and also calculate the risk level of each hospital unit. The proposed semi-quantitative method can be used as a tool for assessing occupational health risks as a key element of risk management. In addition, by focusing on an appropriate framework for occupational health risk assessment, specialists in the organization will be able to take significant and effective steps to implement an efficient risk management system.

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