scholarly journals The Use of Native Prairie Grasses to Degrade Atrazine and Metolachlor in Soil

2003 ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohan Zhao ◽  
Ellen L. Arthur ◽  
Joel R. Coats
Keyword(s):  
Native Prairie ◽  
Prairie Grasses

Wheat Crops and Native Prairie in Relation to the Nutritional Ecology of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Saskatchewan

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickford
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Stipa Comata ◽  
Mixed Prairie

AbstractField cage experiments conducted through the complete life cycle of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) demonstrated that wheat, the major cereal crop grown in Saskatchewan, played the dominant role in the nutritional ecology of this grasshopper. A native sod mixture, comprising Stipa comata, Bouteloua gracilis, Agropyron smithii, and Carex eleocharis, four of the dominant species of the mixed prairie association, was consistently unfavourable during all stages of grasshopper growth and development. Grasshoppers reared on wheat survived better, were considerably larger and laid up to 20 times more eggs than those reared on the native prairie grasses. The presence of the native sod with wheat contributed nothing nutritionally to the food combination. The unfavourable qualities of the native grasses, although resulting in small adults, low fecundity and small pods, did not affect the hatchability of eggs laid or the development and survival of nymphs that hatched from them.

Competition of five native prairie grasses with Bromus inermis under three moisture regimes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2140-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Nernberg ◽  
Mark R. T. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Reduced Water

We examined the effect of moisture on the competitive ability of five native grasses (Agropyron and Stipa) in competition with the non-native grass Bromus inermis Leyss. The plants were grown in large pots in growth rooms, and the moisture treatment was imposed by the frequency of watering. The competitive ability of the five native grasses, as measured by shoot biomass ratio, increased with reduced water availability, but even under the driest conditions, they competed poorly with B. inermis. The order of competitive ability found in this experiment did not match the order predicted from field observations based on the hypothesis of a strict reciprocal relationship between stress tolerance and competitive ability. Stipa viridula Trin. was the best competitor of the five, and Stipa curtiseta (A.S. Hitchc.) Barkworth was consistently the least competitive. The order of competitive ability was more variable when measured by the effect on Bromus than when measured by the effect on the native grasses themselves. The results suggest that tolerance of abiotic stress is less important than competitive exclusion in determining species distributions on environmental gradients Key words: competitive hierarchy, competitive reversal, transitivity.

Native prairie grasses and microbial community responses to reclamation of taconite iron ore tailing

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1645-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Noyd ◽  
F. L. Pfleger ◽  
Michael R. Norland ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Prairie Grasses

The effect of reclamation treatments on seeded native grass cover and species composition, soil microbial biomass carbon, and populations of actinomycetes, fungi, free-living N2-fixing bacteria, and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria was compared in field plots in coarse taconite tailing. Reclamation treatments consisted of all possible combinations of three rates of composed yard waste, three rates of fertilizer, and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Composted yard waste increased plant cover, soil microbial biomass, and populations of all groups of microorganisms compared with unamended, non-inoculated control plots. Microbial populations and biomass in tailing plots were low compared with natural soils and were correlated with plant cover and available P. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in a 6% increase in plant cover, although this was not significant, and significantly enhanced N2-fixer populations in June but did not affect other groups of microorganisms. There were no differences between moderate and high rates of composted yard waste. We conclude that incorporation of a moderate rate of organic matter can ameliorate the stressful conditions of coarse taconite tailing and can enhance the initiation of a functional soil ecosystem able to support the establishment of seeded native prairie grasses and may provide a long-term solution to reclamation of taconite tailing. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mine reclamation, soil microorganisms, composted yard waste.

scholarly journals Species Diversity of and Toxin Production by Gibberella fujikuroi Species Complex Strains Isolated from Native Prairie Grasses in Kansas

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2254-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Leslie ◽  
Kurt A. Zeller ◽  
Antonio Logrieco ◽  
Giuseppina Mulè ◽  
Antonio Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi Species Complex

ABSTRACT Fusarium species from agricultural crops have been well studied with respect to toxin production and genetic diversity, while similar studies of communities from nonagricultural plants are much more limited. We examined 72 Fusarium isolates from a native North American tallgrass prairie and found that Gibberella intermedia (Fusarium proliferatum), Gibberella moniliformis (Fusarium verticillioides), and Gibberella konza (Fusarium konzum) dominated. Gibberella thapsina (Fusarium thapsinum) and Gibberella subglutinans (Fusarium subglutinans) also were recovered, as were seven isolates that could not be assigned to any previously described species on the basis of either morphological or molecular characters. In general, isolates from the prairie grasses produced the same toxins in quantities similar to those produced by isolates of the same species recovered from agricultural hosts. The G. konza isolates produce little or no fumonisins (up to 120 μg/g by one strain), and variable but generally low to moderate amounts of beauvericin (4 to 320 μg/g) and fusaproliferin (50 to 540 μg/g). Toxicity to Artemia salina larvae within most species was correlated with the concentration of either beauvericin or fusaproliferin produced. Organic isolates from some cultures of G. moniliformis were highly toxic towards A. salina even though they produced little, if any, beauvericin or fusaproliferin. Thus, additional potentially toxigenic compounds may be synthesized by G. moniliformis strains isolated from prairie grasses. The Fusarium community from these grasses appears to contain some species not found in surrounding agricultural communities, including some that probably are undescribed, and could be capable of serving as a reservoir for strains of potential agricultural importance.

Using smoke-water and cold-moist stratification to improve germination of native prairie species

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krock ◽  
S. Smith ◽  
C. Elliott ◽  
A. Kennedy ◽  
S. T. Hamman
Keyword(s):  
Native Prairie ◽  
Smoke Water
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