Methane Coupling and Reforming Using Non-Equilibrium Pulsed Discharge at Room Temperature: Catalyst-Pulsed Discharge Combined System

2003 ◽  
pp. 302-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kado ◽  
K. Urasaki ◽  
H. Nakagawa ◽  
K. Miura ◽  
Y. Sekine
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pulsed Discharge ◽  
Methane Coupling ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Reaction mechanism of methane activation using non-equilibrium pulsed discharge at room temperature

Fuel ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (18) ◽  
pp. 2291-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kado ◽  
Kohei Urasaki ◽  
Yasushi Sekine ◽  
Kaoru Fujimoto ◽  
Tomohiro Nozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Methane Activation ◽  
Pulsed Discharge ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Non-equilibrium heat capacity of polytetrafluoroethylene at room temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 461 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Garden ◽  
J. Richard ◽  
H. Guillou ◽  
O. Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Non Equilibrium

ADSORPTION AND REACTION OF C60 ON Si(111) SURFACE: A COMBINED STUDY BY HREELS AND STM

1996 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 933-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-W. HU ◽  
A KASUYA ◽  
S. SUTO ◽  
A. WAWRO ◽  
Y. NISHINA
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Neighbor Distance ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Stm Images ◽  
Sic Film

A combined system of STM and HREELS has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for studying the adsorption and reaction of C 60 molecules on Si(111) surface, and has bridged the gap between adsorbate bonding states and STM topographic images. We find that the ordered close-packed C 60 islands can be grown at room temperature. A brief annealing at 800°C gives rise to the aggregation of C 60 molecules into three-dimensional islands. In this case, the nearest neighbor distance among C60 molecules has decreased from 10.0 to 9.4 Å as displayed in STM images, and the icosahedral symmetry of C 60 has been reduced as showed in the HREELS spectrum. It indicates that the intermolecular covalent bond exists and a new structure has been stimulated by annealing C 60 film on Si(111) surface. Further annealing results in the formation of SiC film on Si(111) substrate.

Effects of Mechanical Alloying on Solid Solubility

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshuman Patra ◽  
Swapan Kumar Karak ◽  
Snehanshu Pal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Solid Solubility ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Atomic Diffusion ◽  
Solid Solubility Limit ◽  
Solubility Improvement ◽  
Particle Refinement ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Mechanical alloying (MA) is a potential processing method for various equilibrium and non-equilibrium alloy phases such as supersaturated solid solution, metastable crystalline, amorphous, quasi-crystalline phases, nanostructures. Compared to conventional high temperature material processing such as melting and casting, improvement of solid solubility limit results from mechanical alloying at room temperature. The solid solubility increases with increase in milling time due to enhanced stress assisted atomic diffusion during particle refinement and reaches a saturation level at higher milling time. The extension of solid solubility is attributed to thermodynamic, dynamic or kinetic factors such as high dislocation density due to severe plastic deformation during particle refinement and enhanced diffusivity during MA. The review aims to discuss the insight of MA than other non-equilibrium processing in terms of achieving higher solubility, reasoning and mechanism of solubility improvement during MA of different alloy systems.

scholarly journals Electron glass signatures up to room temperature in disordered insulators

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Delahaye ◽  
Thierry Grenet
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Gate Voltage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract This paper describes the observation of non-equilibrium field effects at room temperature in four disordered insulating systems: granular Al, discontinuous Au, amorphous NbSi and amorphous InOx thin films. The use of wide enough gate voltage ranges and a cautious analysis of the data allow us to uncover memory dips, the advocated hallmark of the electron glass, in the four systems. These memory dips are found to relax slowly over days of measurements under gate voltage changes, reflecting the impossibility for the systems to reach an equilibrium state within experimentally accessible times. Our findings demonstrate that these electrical glassy effects, so far essentially reported at cryogenic temperatures, actually extend up to room temperature.

scholarly journals Creating A Ferromagnetic Ground State with T c Above Room Temperature in A Paramagnetic Alloy Through Non‐equilibrium Nano‐structuring

2021 ◽  
pp. 2108793
Author(s):  
Xinglong Ye ◽  
Nuno Fortunato ◽  
Abhishek Sarkar ◽  
Holger Geßwein ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ferromagnetic Ground State ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Efficient and green approach for the esterification of lignin with oleic acid using surfactant-combined microreactors in water

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Liangliang An ◽  
Chuanling Si ◽  
Guanhua Wang ◽  
Cheol Soon Choi ◽  
Yong Ho Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Toluenesulfonic Acid ◽  
System P ◽  
Acid Dosage

A green, effective, and feasible reaction for esterification of lignin with oleic acid in water at room temperature was investigated. A surfactant-combined system (p-toluenesulfonic acid/4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid) was designed to simultaneously solubilize kraft lignin and disperse the oleic acid, producing microreactors for esterification. Esterification using a higher 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid dosage at room temperature was found to be a good option, and an increasing oleic acid dosage had no effect on improving the degree of esterification. Structural characterization analyses confirmed the successful esterification of lignin with oleic acid, indicating the effectiveness and feasibility of esterification of macromolecules in water. Due to the introduction of a long flexible aliphatic chain, the lignin ester showed a noticeable decrease in glass transition temperature, an obvious increase in contact angle, and exhibited excellent thermoplasticity, processability, and hydrophobicity. Additionally, lignin-ester nanoparticles were prepared through the micellization of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Therefore, the method of esterification using surfactant-combined microreactors in water is promising for high value-added utilization of lignin.

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