Use of Fatty Acid Profiles To Identify White-Rot Wood Decay Fungi

2003 ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan V. Diehl ◽  
M. Lynn Prewitt ◽  
Fatima Moore Shmulsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

scholarly journals Leaf extracts of Casearia sylvestris and Casearia decandra affect growth and production of ligninolytic enzymes in wood decay basidiomycetes

Hoehnea ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiara Siqueira Bento ◽  
Luce Maria Brandão Torres ◽  
Mauricio Batista Fialho ◽  
Vera Lúcia Ramos Bononi
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Tropical Flora ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris

ABSTRACT White-rot basidiomycetes are able to deteriorate wood products and be pathogenic to living trees, requiring, thus requiring control. The tropical flora is an important source of eco-friendly antifungal compounds; however, the knowledge on how leaf extracts affect the fungal physiology is limited. Therefore, in the present work we investigated the influence of ethanolic leaf extracts of Casearia sylvestris and C. decandra at 0.1 mg mL-1 on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by Trametes villosa, Ganoderma australe and Pycnoporus sanguineus. Overall, the extracts inhibited the mycelial growth and the production of biomass. Additionally, C. sylvestris extract reduced the production of manganese peroxidase and laccase; however, the exposure to C. decandra extract resulted in variable responses. Therefore, enzymes related to lignin degradation are potential targets to control wood decay fungi by plant bioactive compounds, as their ability to colonize the substrate may be impaired.

Variation in germination percentage of basidiospores collected successively from wood decay fungi in culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Schmidt ◽  
D. W. French
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Successive collections of basidiospores, produced in culture from the same hymenial areas of four species of wood decay fungi, were tested for spore germination percentage on malt extract agar under controlled conditions. Spores from white rot fungi retained high germination levels after 5 weeks of spore production, but germination averages for brown rot fungi decreased by more than 50%. Such variation should be considered in wood pathology research using spore germination bioassay.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome and Secretome Analysis of Wood Decay Fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3599-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Vanden Wymelenberg ◽  
Jill Gaskell ◽  
Michael Mozuch ◽  
Grzegorz Sabat ◽  
John Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

ABSTRACT Cellulose degradation by brown rot fungi, such as Postia placenta, is poorly understood relative to the phylogenetically related white rot basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. To elucidate the number, structure, and regulation of genes involved in lignocellulosic cell wall attack, secretome and transcriptome analyses were performed on both wood decay fungi cultured for 5 days in media containing ball-milled aspen or glucose as the sole carbon source. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a total of 67 and 79 proteins were identified in the extracellular fluids of P. placenta and P. chrysosporium cultures, respectively. Viewed together with transcript profiles, P. chrysosporium employs an array of extracellular glycosyl hydrolases to simultaneously attack cellulose and hemicelluloses. In contrast, under these same conditions, P. placenta secretes an array of hemicellulases but few potential cellulases. The two species display distinct expression patterns for oxidoreductase-encoding genes. In P. placenta, these patterns are consistent with an extracellular Fenton system and include the upregulation of genes involved in iron acquisition, in the synthesis of low-molecular-weight quinones, and possibly in redox cycling reactions.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Patterns of Wood Decay Fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium Are Influenced by Wood Substrate Composition during Degradation

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (14) ◽  
pp. 4387-4400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Skyba ◽  
Dan Cullen ◽  
Carl J. Douglas ◽  
Shawn D. Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

ABSTRACTIdentification of the specific genes and enzymes involved in the fungal degradation of lignocellulosic biomass derived from feedstocks with various compositions is essential to the development of improved bioenergy processes. In order to elucidate the effect of substrate composition on gene expression in wood-rotting fungi, we employed microarrays based on the annotated genomes of the brown- and white-rot fungi,Rhodonia placenta(formerlyPostia placenta) andPhanerochaete chrysosporium, respectively. We monitored the expression of genes involved in the enzymatic deconstruction of the cell walls of three 4-year-oldPopulus trichocarpa(poplar) trees of genotypes with distinct cell wall chemistries, selected from a population of several hundred trees grown in a common garden. The woody substrates were incubated with wood decay fungi for 10, 20, and 30 days. An analysis of transcript abundance in all pairwise comparisons highlighted 64 and 84 differentially expressed genes (>2-fold,P< 0.05) inP. chrysosporiumandP. placenta, respectively. Cross-fungal comparisons also revealed an array of highly differentially expressed genes (>4-fold,P< 0.01) across different substrates and time points. These results clearly demonstrate that gene expression profiles ofP. chrysosporiumandP. placentaare influenced by wood substrate composition and the duration of incubation. Many of the significantly expressed genes encode “proteins of unknown function,” and determining their role in lignocellulose degradation presents opportunities and challenges for future research.IMPORTANCEThis study describes the variation in expression patterns of two wood-degrading fungi (brown- and white-rot fungi) during colonization and incubation on three different naturally occurring poplar substrates of differing chemical compositions, over time. The results clearly show that the two fungi respond differentially to their substrates and that several known and, more interestingly, currently unknown genes are highly misregulated in response to various substrate compositions. These findings highlight the need to characterize several unknown proteins for catalytic function but also as potential candidate proteins to improve the efficiency of enzymatic cocktails to degrade lignocellulosic substrates in industrial applications, such as in a biochemically based bioenergy platform.

scholarly journals A METHOD FOR EVALUATING ERGOSTEROL CONTENT IN WOOD-DECAY FUNGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Garrido Pinheiro ◽  
Nadia Helena Bianchini ◽  
Alana Silveira Pavlack ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz ◽  
Victor Dos Santos Barboza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Wet Weight

ABSTRACT Ergosterol is responsible for important functions in the fungal plasma membrane. The influence of fungitoxic agents on membrane ergosterol content is one of the most important mechanisms of antifungal action and its knowledge allows the generation of products that associate active compounds of different mechanisms, consequently improving the effectiveness of wood preservatives. Therefore, this study optimized a method for quantifying ergosterol in wood-decay fungi. The white-rot species selected were Ganoderma applanatum and Trametes versicolor, while the brown-rot were Gloeophyllum trabeum and Lentinus lepideus. Mycelial discs of each species were transferred to Petri dishes containing a cellophane-covered potato-dextrose-agar medium. Mycelia of each fungus were collected, weighed, and transferred to test tubes with 5 mL of 25% alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The tubes were vortexed for 5 min, subjected to ultrasound for 5 min, incubated at 85 °C for 4 h, followed by the addition of 2 mL of sterile distilled water and 5 mL of n-heptane and subsequent ultrasound shaking for 2 min. The n-heptane layer was analyzed by UV spectrophotometry between 230 and 300 ηm. The blank sample only contained n-heptane. The mycelia wet weight of the fungi ranged from 0.061 to 0.296 g. Ergosterol content was 0.007% for Lentinus lepideus and 0.004% for the other species. The absorbance was higher than the ones observed in the blank for all samples. The adapted method was efficient for ergosterol extraction.

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of soluble and total oxalate in Ca- and Mg-amended liquid cultures of three wood decay fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Schilling ◽  
Jody Jellison
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

AbstractTwo brown-rot wood decay fungi,Fomitopsis pinicolaandMeruliporia incrassata, and the white-rot speciesPhanerochaete chrysosporiumwere grown for 4 weeks in liquid culture at 0.35, 0.70, 1.05, and 5.00 mM calcium (Ca) and 1.35 and 2.70 mM magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Soluble and total oxalate levels were quantified using a revised ion-exchange HPLC protocol developed specifically for resolving oxalate and other organic acid anions from medium components. Total oxalate concentrations in brown-rot filtrate were not significantly different among treatments; however, soluble oxalate decreased significantly with increasing Ca concentration. Higher Mg concentrations increased soluble oxalate levels only slightly. There was a significant decrease in medium pH at 5.00 mM Ca for all species, as well as an apparent increase in decarboxylation activity in brown-rot fungi. Total and soluble oxalate levels in the white-rot cultures were generally below detection for all treatments. The results show a significant influence of Ca on soluble oxalate concentrations not seen previously in the brown-rot speciesPostia placenta.

scholarly journals Application of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy to Compare the Cell Materials of Wood Decay Fungi with Wood Mould Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barun Shankar Gupta ◽  
Bjørn Petter Jelle ◽  
Tao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Band Ratio ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Standing Trees

Wood fungi create vast damage among standing trees and all types of wood materials. The objectives of this study are to (a) characterize the cell materials of two major wood decay fungi (Basidiomycota), namely, Trametes versicolor and Postia placenta, and (b) compare the cell materials of decay fungi with four wood mould fungi (Ascomycota), namely, Aureobasidium pullulans, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Ulocladium atrum. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to characterize the microbial cellular materials. The results showed that the IR bands for the fatty acid at ∼2900 cm−1 were different for the two-decay-fungi genre. Postia placenta shows more absorbance peaks at the fatty acid region. Band ratio indices for amide I and amide II from protein amino acids were higher for the mould fungi (Ascomycota) than the decay fungi (Basidiomycota). Similarly, the band ratio index calculated for the protein end methyl group was found to be higher for the mould fungi than the decay fungi. Mould fungi along with the decay fungi demonstrated a positive correlation (R2=0.75) between amide I and amide II indices. The three-component multivariate, principal component analysis showed a strong correlation of amide and protein band indices.

Host responses in the xylem of trees after inoculation with six wood-decay fungi differing in invasivenessThis article is one of a collection of papers based on a presentation from the Stem and Shoot Fungal Pathogens and Parasitic Plants: the Values of Biological Diversity session of the XXII International Union of Forestry Research Organization World Congress meeting held in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, in 2005.

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Deflorio ◽  
Erwin Franz ◽  
Siegfried Fink ◽  
Francis Willis Mathew Robert Schwarze
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Host responses, i.e., formation of reaction and barrier zones, were studied in the xylem of Douglas-fir, beech, oak, and sycamore trees, after wounding and artificial inoculation with brown-, soft-, and white-rot fungi. The objective of this study was to determine whether strongly invasive wood-decay fungi trigger a higher magnitude of host response than weakly invasive fungi. Differences in active host response, observed microscopically, depended on wood anatomy. Restriction of discoloration and decay by reaction zones was primarily influenced by the content and distribution of parenchyma cells within the sapwood of each host. By contrast, barrier-zone anatomy showed similarities to the basic xylem structure of each host, except for some cell types that were either reduced in number or absent. Regardless of the decay fungus inoculated, individual trees of each host responded differently. With the exception of beech trees inoculated with the soft-rot fungus Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffm.: Fr.) P. Martin and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (L.: Fries) Pilát, host response appeared to be nonspecific, as the degree of fungal invasiveness did not influence the magnitude of host response within the xylem of investigated trees.

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