The Urban Atmosphere: An Important Source of Trace Metals to Nearby Waters?

2002 ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Mason ◽  
Nicole M. Lawson ◽  
Guey-Rong Sheu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Urban Atmosphere

Direct Identification of Trace Metals in Fine and Ultrafine Particles in the Detroit Urban Atmosphere

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Utsunomiya ◽  
Keld A. Jensen ◽  
Gerald J. Keeler ◽  
Rodney C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Direct Identification

scholarly journals Sequential Extractions and Toxicity Potential of Trace Metals Absorbed into Airborne Particles in an Urban Atmosphere of Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Gbenga Olumayede ◽  
Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Sequential Extractions ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Geochemical Fractions ◽  
Geochemical Phases

The paper investigates the hypothesis that biotoxicities of trace metals depend not only on the concentration as expressed by the total amount, but also on their geochemical fractions and bioavailability. Airborne particles were collected using SKC Air Check XR 5000 high volume Sampler at a human breathing height of 1.5–2.0 meters, during the dry season months from November 2014 to March 2015 at different locations in Akure (7°10′N and 5°15′E). The geochemical-based sequential extractions were performed on the particles using a series of increasingly stringent solutions selected to extract metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn) into four operational geochemical phases—exchangeable, reducible, organic, and residual—and then quantified using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed metals concentration of order Pb > Cr > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Mn. However, most metals in the samples exist in nonmobile fractions: exchangeable (6.43–16.2%), reducible (32.58–47.39%), organic (4.73–9.88%), and residual (18.28–27.53%). The pollution indices show ingestion as the leading route of metal exposure, with noncarcinogenic (HQ) and cancer risk (HI) for humans in the area being higher than 1.0 × 10−4, indicating a health threat.

Source and Potential Health Risk of Trace Metals in the Urban Atmosphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Cheng Jung ◽  
Charles C.-K. Chou ◽  
Chuan-Yao Lin ◽  
Chuan-Chou Shen ◽  
Yu-Chi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk

XRF and PIXE Analysis of light and Dark Adapted Ocular Tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
H. W. Kraner ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
K. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Retinol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Function

During photoexcitation the retina requires specific electrolytes and trace metals for optimal function (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, S, P, Cu and Zn). According to Hagins (1981), photoexcitation and generation of a nerve impulse involves the movement of Ca from the rhodopsin-ladened membranes of the rod outer segment (ROS) to the plasmalemma, which in turn decreases the in-flow of Na into the photoreceptor, resulting in hyperpolarization. In toad isolated retinas, the presence of Ba has been found to increase the amplitude and prolong the delay of the light response (Brown and Flaming, 1978). Trace metals such as Cu, Zn and Se are essential for the activity of the metalloenzymes of the retina and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) (i.e. carbonic anhydrase, retinol dehydrogenase, tyrosinase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase...). Therefore the content and fluctuations of these elements in the retina and choroid are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of vision. This paper presents elemental data from light and dark adapted frog ocular tissues examined by electron beam induced x-ray microanalysis, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE).

Identifying Sources of Sulfate Aerosols Reaching Whiteface Mountain, NY

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
James S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals

INTRODUCTION“Acid rain” and “acid deposition” are terms no longer confined to the lexicon of atmospheric scientists and 1imnologists. Public awareness of and concern over this phenomenon, particularly as it affects acid-sensitive regions of North America, have increased dramatically in the last five years. Temperate ecosystems are suffering from decreased pH caused by acid deposition. Human health may be directly affected by respirable sulfates and by the increased solubility of toxic trace metals in acidified waters. Even man's monuments are deteriorating as airborne acids etch metal and stone features.Sulfates account for about two thirds of airborne acids with wet and dry deposition contributing equally to acids reaching surface waters or ground. The industrial Midwest is widely assumed to be the source of most sulfates reaching the acid-sensitive Northeast since S02 emitted as a byproduct of coal combustion in the Midwest dwarfs S02 emitted from all sources in the Northeast.

Quantification and localization of trace metals in natural plankton cells using a synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Twining ◽  
S. B. Baines ◽  
N. S. Fisher ◽  
C. Jacobsen ◽  
J. Maser
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
X Ray
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