The Role of "Free Charge" in the Deposition of Latex Particles onto Pulp Fibers

2001 ◽  
pp. 52-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alince ◽  
J. Kinkal ◽  
F. Bednar ◽  
T. G. M. van de Ven
Keyword(s):  
Free Charge ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Latex Particles

scholarly journals The Role of Photon Energy in Free Charge Generation in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
pp. 1400416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Di Nuzzo ◽  
L. Jan Anton Koster ◽  
Veronique S. Gevaerts ◽  
Stefan C. J. Meskers ◽  
René A. J. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Free Charge ◽  
Charge Generation ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

scholarly journals Silica particles cause NADPH oxidase–independent ROS generation and transient phagolysosomal leakage

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 3150-3164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav N. Joshi ◽  
Alexandra M. Goetjen ◽  
David A. Knecht
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Latex Particles

Chronic inhalation of silica particles causes lung fibrosis and silicosis. Silica taken up by alveolar macrophages causes phagolysosomal membrane damage and leakage of lysosomal material into the cytoplasm to initiate apoptosis. We investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this membrane damage by studying the spatiotemporal generation of ROS. In macrophages, ROS generated by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) was detected in phagolysosomes containing either silica particles or nontoxic latex particles. ROS was only detected in the cytoplasm of cells treated with silica and appeared in parallel with an increase in phagosomal ROS, as well as several hours later associated with mitochondrial production of ROS late in apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of NOX activity did not prevent silica-induced phagolysosomal leakage but delayed it. In Cos7 cells, which do not express NOX2, ROS was detected in silica-containing phagolysosomes that leaked. ROS was not detected in phagolysosomes containing latex particles. Leakage of silica-containing phagolysosomes in both cell types was transient, and after resealing of the membrane, endolysosomal fusion continued. These results demonstrate that silica particles can generate phagosomal ROS independent of NOX activity, and we propose that this silica-generated ROS can cause phagolysosomal leakage to initiate apoptosis.

scholarly journals Serum Anti-γG Globulin Factors in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL E. KAPLAN ◽  
SHAUL KOCHWA ◽  
LOUIS B. WASSERMAN ◽  
RICHARD E. ROSENFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Chromatographic Behavior ◽  
Rheumatoid Factors ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Human Red Cells

Abstract Sera from 16 of the 25 patients with PNH were found to exhibit anti-γC globulin activity as demonstrated by their ability to agglutinate human red cells sensitized with certain incomplete Rh antibodies. Of the 16 active sera, 9 agglutinated human FII-coated tanned sheep cells and 5 FII-coated latex particles in significant titer. Only one serum exhibited anti—Gm specificity. In 3 cases serum anti-γG globulin activity was found prior to transfusion of the patient, suggesting that isoimmunization is not in all cases responsible for this phenomenon. The chromatographic behavior of the serologically active substances and their inactivation by treatment with 2 ME suggest that they are γM globulins related to the rheumatoid factors. The possible role of these antiglobulin factors in the lysis of the PNH erythrocyte is discussed.

scholarly journals From flax fibers to activated carbon electrodes: The role of fiber refining

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1296-1310
Author(s):  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Yucheng Feng ◽  
Lvqiao Tang ◽  
Fei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Synergistic Activation ◽  
Porous Microstructure

Flax-based activated porous carbon materials (APCs) were prepared via KOH and urea synergistic activation in the carbonization process using flax pulp as a biocompatible and eco-friendly biomass precursor. A refining process was used to pretreat the flax pulp fibers, which has been known to improve and optimize the performance of APCs. The morphological and physicochemical structures of APCs were investigated, and the results showed that APCs exhibited high specific surface area and porous microstructure. Furthermore, APCs were rationally designed as a sustainable electrode material. The APC prepared by 60 °SR (Shopper-Riegler beating degree) flax pulp, named APC-60, exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 265.8 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. The specific capacitance retention at 59% remained for the APC-60 electrodes at a high current density of 10 A/g. These results suggested that the flax-based APCs could be a promising carbon-based electrode material for sustainable electrochemical energy storage.

scholarly journals Phagocytosis of gelatin-latex particles by a murine macrophage line is dependent on fibronectin and heparin.

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L van de Water ◽  
S Schroeder ◽  
E B Crenshaw ◽  
R O Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Keratan Sulfate ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Murine Macrophage ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates ◽  
Rapid Assays

It has been suggested that fibronectin plays a role in clearing particles from the circulation by promoting binding to phagocytes of the reticuloendothelial system. By use of a well-defined system to investigate the possible opsonic role of fibronectin, we have studied the uptake of gelatin-coated latex particles by a murine macrophage cell line (P388D1). Fibronectin promotes binding of gelatin-coated beads to these cells in both suspension and monolayer cultures. In both cases there is a requirement for heparin as a cofactor. Other glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfates A and C, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate) were inactive, whereas heparan sulfate was somewhat active. Proof that beads were actually endocytosed was obtained by electron microscopy, which showed beads internalized in membrane-bounded vesicles, and by immunofluorescence analyses, using antibodies to fibronectin to stain external beads. Two rapid assays for the opsonic activity of fibronectin were developed based on differential centrifugation of cell-associated beads and on the immunofluorescence procedure. Binding and endocytosis were time- and temperature-dependent and varied with the amount of gelatin on the beads and with the concentrations of fibronectin and heparin added, and could be inhibited by F(ab')2 antifibronectin. These studies provide a sound basis for a detailed analysis of the interaction of fibronectin with the cell surface and of its involvement in endocytosis.

Uptake of latex particles by pulmonary macrophages: role of calcium

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. C227-C234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Parod ◽  
J. D. Brain
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
45Ca Uptake ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophage ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Particle Ingestion ◽  
Macrophage Membrane

The uptake of latex particles by both viable and fixed hamster pulmonary macrophages was calcium and trypsin sensitive. Particle uptake did not stimulate the uptake of 45Ca. However, when 45Ca uptake was stimulated with A23187, particle uptake was inhibited. When cobalt was added with A23187, the uptake of 45Ca was inhibited and particle uptake returned to control levels. A23187, cytochalasin B, and A23187 plus cytochalasin B all reduced particle uptake to the same extent. Although both A23187 and ouabain produced similar changes in the intracellular levels of Na+ and K+, only A23187 inhibited particle uptake. We conclude that extracellular Ca2+ promotes particle-cell binding through its interaction with a trypsin-sensitive receptor in the pulmonary macrophage membrane. In contrast, elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels inhibit particle ingestion but not attachment.

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