A Novel Approach to the Selective Control of Lipophilic Flavor Release in Low Fat Food

2000 ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Malone ◽  
Ingrid A. M. Appelqvist ◽  
Terry C. Goff ◽  
Jenny E. Homan ◽  
John P. G. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Low Fat ◽  
Flavor Release ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Fat composition in infant formula contributes to the severity of necrotising enterocolitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhinder P. Sodhi ◽  
William B. Fulton ◽  
Misty Good ◽  
Mustafa Vurma ◽  
Tapas Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Digestion ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Dietary Components

AbstractNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that typically affects formula-fed premature infants, suggesting that dietary components may influence disease pathogenesis. TAG are the major fat components of infant formula, and their digestion requires pancreatic lipases, which may be naturally deficient in premature neonates. We hypothesise that NEC develops partly from the accumulation of incompletely digested long-chain TAG-containing unsaturated fatty acids within the intestinal epithelial cells, leading to oxidative stress and enterocyte damage. We further hypothesise that the administration of a formula that contains reduced TAG (‘pre-digested fat’) that do not require lipase action may reduce NEC severity. To test these hypotheses, we induced NEC in neonatal mice using three different fat formulations, namely ‘standard fat’, ‘pre-digested fat’ or ‘very low fat’, and determined that mice fed ‘standard fat’ developed severe NEC, which was significantly reduced in mice fed ‘pre-digested fat’ or ‘very low fat’. The expression level of the critical fat-digesting enzyme carboxyl ester lipase was significantly lower in the newborn compared with older pups, leading to impaired fat digestion. The accumulation of mal-digested fat resulted in the significant accumulation of fat droplets within the intestinal epithelium of the distal ileum, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species and intestinal inflammation. Strikingly, these changes were prevented in pups fed ‘pre-digested fat’ or ‘very low fat’ formulas. These findings suggest that nutritional formula containing a pre-digested fat system may overcome the natural lipase deficiency of the premature gut, and serve as a novel approach to prevent NEC.

Differences in the Effect of Bolus Weight on Flavor Release into the Breath between Low-fat and High-fat Products

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 7217-7221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob S. T. Linforth ◽  
Annie Blissett ◽  
Andrew J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Flavor Release

The enhanced fatty acids flavor release for low-fat cheeses by carrier immobilized lipases on O/W Pickering emulsions

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 106651
Author(s):  
Tong Guan ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Yutao Huang ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Flavor Release ◽  
Immobilized Lipases

Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Copper Chelation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Murphy ◽  
Emily A. Diehm
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
English Orthography ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The One ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Reading And Spelling ◽  
Reading And Spelling Difficulties

Purpose Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic. Method Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade ( n = 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography. Results Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling. Conclusion Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687

Abstract #709: E-Consults: A Novel Approach to Increase Access to Subspecialty Care in Endocrinology

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Kaniksha Desai ◽  
Halis Akturk ◽  
Ana Maria Chindris ◽  
Shon Meek ◽  
Robert Smallridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Approach
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document