Single Versus Multiple Origins of Insecticide Resistance: Inferences from the Cyclodiene Resistance GeneRdl

1996 ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. ffrench-Constant ◽  
Nicola M. Anthony ◽  
Dmitri Andreev ◽  
Kate Aronstein
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Single Versus

Multiple Origins of Cyclodiene Insecticide Resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Andreev ◽  
Martin Kreitman ◽  
Thomas W. Phillips ◽  
Richard W. Beeman ◽  
Richard H. ffrench-Constant
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Cyclodiene Insecticide ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

scholarly journals Multiple origins of pyrethroid insecticide resistance across the species complex of a nontarget aquatic crustacean, Hyalella azteca

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (41) ◽  
pp. 16532-16537 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Weston ◽  
H. C. Poynton ◽  
G. A. Wellborn ◽  
M. J. Lydy ◽  
B. J. Blalock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticide ◽  
Multiple Origins

scholarly journals Evolution of ruminant headgear: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1720) ◽  
pp. 2857-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Byrd Davis ◽  
Katherine A. Brakora ◽  
Andrew H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Organismal Biology ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Pronghorn Antelope ◽  
Integrative Study ◽  
Single Versus ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Biomedical Fields

The horns, ossicones and antlers of ruminants are familiar and diverse examples of cranial appendages. We collectively term ruminant cranial appendages ‘headgear’; this includes four extant forms: antlers (in cervids), horns (in bovids), pronghorns (in pronghorn antelope) and ossicones (in giraffids). Headgear evolution remains an open and intriguing question because phylogenies (molecular and morphological), adult headgear structure and headgear development (where data are available) all suggest different pictures of ruminant evolution. We discuss what is known about the evolution of headgear, including the evidence motivating previous hypotheses of single versus multiple origins, and the implications of recent phylogenetic revisions for these hypotheses. Inclusion of developmental data is critical for progress on the question of headgear evolution, and we synthesize the scattered literature on this front. The areas most in need of attention are early development in general; pronghorn and ossicone development in particular; and histological study of fossil forms of headgear. An integrative study of headgear development and evolution may have ramifications beyond the fields of systematics and evolution. Researchers in organismal biology, as well as those in biomedical fields investigating skin, bone and regenerative medicine, may all benefit from insights produced by this line of research.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

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