Organosolv Lignin-Modified Phenolic Resins

1989 ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Cook ◽  
Terry Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Organosolv Lignin

Comparison of organic acid-based organosolv lignins extracted from the residues of five annual crops

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7966-7990
Author(s):  
Nadja Cachet ◽  
Bouchra Benjelloun-Mlayah
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Reed Straw ◽  
Organosolv Lignin

Organosolv lignins were extracted from corn stover, wheat, rice straw, reed straw, and sugarcane bagasse using a mixture of acetic and formic acids, at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure. Lignin content, residual carbohydrates, ash levels, proteins, and molecular weights were determined in each extracted lignin. The lignin content of all samples was relatively high, confirming the performance of the pretreatment process. The low molecular weights were in a narrow range, in accordance with the organosolv lignin molar masses. However, some differences between studied lignins were highlighted, in particular in rice straw lignin, which contained the highest silica, calcium, and nitrogen contents. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies (31P and semi-quantitative Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation) underlined the structural similarities and differences between these organosolv lignins. Corn stover and sugarcane bagasse lignins were rich in non-methoxylated (H-Unit) or mono-methoxylated (G-Unit) phenolic units, making them the best promising candidates for production of phenolic resins. Wheat straw lignin was richer in aliphatic OH than in phenolic OH. This is an advantage for use as polyol substitute in polyurethane synthesis. Reed straw lignin was less specific, with a balanced content of OH groups. However, it contained a high concentration of β-O-4 linkages, which is favorable for depolymerization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the particle size of organosolv lignin in the synthesis of resol resins for plywood and their performance on fire spreading

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELECTRA PAPADOPOULOU ◽  
SOTIRIS KOUNTOURAS ◽  
KONSTANTINOS CHRISSAFIS ◽  
MIKELIS KIRPLUKS ◽  
UGIS CABULIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Organosolv Lignin

Scientists today are intensively seeking alternatives to petrochemical materials. Among others, lignin is a promising candidate because it is available in large quantities while its chemical structure makes its use possible in a variety of chemical reactions. Lignin, received by numerous methods from various feedstocks, is a promising material for the synthesis of many products like active carbon, thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, surfactants, phenolic chemicals, etc. In this paper, the potential of using Biolignin – a trademarked organosolv lignin from straw prepared by Compagnie Industrielle de la Matière Végétale (CIMV; Neuilly-sur-Seine, France) – in the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins was studied by CHIMAR HELLAS S.A. (Kalamaria, Greece). Before its use, Biolignin was further purified and subjected to mechanical treatment for the reduction of its particle size in order to increase its reactivity. The effectiveness of the treatment was verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements that were carried out by SYNPO Company (Pardubice, Czech Republic). Resol phenolic resins were prepared with various substitution levels of phenol up to 80%. However, their synthesis process was smooth only up to the substitution level of 50%. The properties of the resins were determined with typical lab analysis. Their thermal behavior was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements that were conducted by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece. Their bonding ability was evaluated by CHIMAR HELLAS via their application in the production of plywood panels of three layers that were prepared following a simulation of the industrial process. The panels were tested for their properties according to the relevant European standards, while their performance relative to fire was studied with cone calorimetry measurements that were performed by the Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry (LIWC; Riga, Latvia). All results were compared with that of a typical PF resin. It was found that the particle size of lignin affects the performance of the resins, while lignin-based PF resins are suitable for the production of plywood panels and have somewhat better performance relative to fire than typical PF resins. This study has been performed within the framework of the European project BIOCORE (biocommodity refinery for biofuels, chemical intermediates, polymers and materials).

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