New Design for Producing Constant-Composition Copolymers in Emulsion Polymerization

1981 ◽  
pp. 415-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GUYOT ◽  
J. GUILLOT ◽  
C. PICHOT ◽  
L. RIOS GUERRERO
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Constant Composition

The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Kelsey ◽  
K J Stevenson ◽  
L Poller
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Test System ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Different Types

SummaryLiposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition.The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant’s effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.

Residual phase lignin in haft cooking related to the conditions in the cook

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Cart-in A-S. Gustavsson ◽  
Chritofer T. Lindgren ◽  
Mikael E. Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Hydroxide Ion ◽  
Sulfide Ion ◽  
Residual Phase ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Very High

Abstract The amount of lignin reacting according to the slow residual phase, i.e. the residual phase lignin, is in many perspectives an interesting issue. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a mathematical model to show how the amount of residual phase lignin in the kraft cooking of spruce chips (Picm ahies) depends on the conditions in the earlier phases of the cook. The variables studied were hydroxide ion concentration, hydrogen sulfide ion concentration and ionic strength. The liquor-to-wood ratio during pulping was very high to maintain approximately constant chemical concentrations throughout each experiment (so called "constant composition" cooks). An increase in hydroxide ion concentration andtor hydrogen sulfide ion concentration leads to a decrease in the amount of residual phase lignin, while an increase in ionic strength, i.e. sodium ion concentration, leads to an increase. A signiticant result is that the hydrogen sulfide ion concentration has a pronounced influence on the amount of residual phase lignin during a cook at a low hydroxide ion concentration. The amount of residual phase lignin expressed as % lignin on wood, L,, can be described by the following equation developed for "constant composition" cooks (when cooking with a constant sodium ion concentration of 2 mol/L): LT=0,55-0.32*[HO-](-1,3)*ln[HS-] This equation is valid for a concentration of HO- in the range from 0.17 to 1.4, and a hydrogen sulfide ion concentration from 0.07 to 0.6 mol/L.

A contribution to the problem of partial condensation of a binary vapour mixture

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2048-2052
Author(s):  
Václav Kolář ◽  
Jan Červenka
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Vapour Mixture ◽  
Partial Condenser

An empirical approach has been proposed to solve the problem of partial condensation of a binary vapour mixture. The approach accounts for the effect of the intensity of cooling on the composition of the streams existing from a partial condenser at constant composition of inlet vapours.

scholarly journals Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul J. Hunter ◽  
Joseph R. Lovett ◽  
Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk ◽  
Elizabeth R. Jones ◽  
Steven P. Armes
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Aqueous Emulsion

RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) precursor leads to diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed and the vesicles are briefly evaluated as a Pickering emulsifier.

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