MRE-Binding Transcription Factor-1:  Weak Zinc-Binding Finger Domains 5 and 6 Modulate the Structure, Affinity, and Specificity of the Metal-Response Element Complex†

Biochemistry ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (39) ◽  
pp. 12915-12925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Meihua Chu ◽  
David P. Giedroc
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Zinc Binding ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

scholarly journals Activating Transcription Factor 1 and CREB Are Important for Cell Survival during Early Mouse Development

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1919-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne C. Bleckmann ◽  
Julie A. Blendy ◽  
Dorothea Rudolph ◽  
A. Paula Monaghan ◽  
Wolfgang Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Camp Response Element ◽  
Basic Leucine Zipper ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

ABSTRACT Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), CREB, and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element modulatory protein (CREM), which constitute a subfamily of the basic leucine zipper transcription factors, activate gene expression by binding as homo- or heterodimers to the cAMP response element in regulatory regions of target genes. To investigate the function of ATF1 in vivo, we inactivated the corresponding gene by homologous recombination. In contrast to CREB-deficient mice, which suffer from perinatal lethality, mice lacking ATF1 do not exhibit any discernible phenotypic abnormalities. Since ATF1 and CREB but not CREM are strongly coexpressed during early mouse development, we generated mice deficient for both CREB and ATF1. ATF1−/− CREB−/− embryos die before implantation due to developmental arrest. ATF1+/− CREB−/− embryos display a phenotype of embryonic lethality around embryonic day 9.5 due to massive apoptosis. These results indicate that CREB and ATF1 act in concert to mediate signals essential for maintaining cell viability during early embryonic development.

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