Effective Utilization ofN2-Ethyl-2‘-deoxyguanosine Triphosphate during DNA Synthesis Catalyzed by Mammalian Replicative DNA Polymerases†

Biochemistry ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonari Matsuda ◽  
Isamu Terashima ◽  
Yoshihiro Matsumoto ◽  
Hisatoshi Yabushita ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Deoxyguanosine Triphosphate

scholarly journals CRISPR-Associated Primase-Polymerases are implicated in prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Zabrady ◽  
Matej Zabrady ◽  
Peter Kolesar ◽  
Arthur W. H. Li ◽  
Aidan J. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Strand Displacement ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Type Iiia ◽  
Maintain Genome Stability ◽  
Cas Proteins

AbstractCRISPR-Cas pathways provide prokaryotes with acquired “immunity” against foreign genetic elements, including phages and plasmids. Although many of the proteins associated with CRISPR-Cas mechanisms are characterized, some requisite enzymes remain elusive. Genetic studies have implicated host DNA polymerases in some CRISPR-Cas systems but CRISPR-specific replicases have not yet been discovered. We have identified and characterised a family of CRISPR-Associated Primase-Polymerases (CAPPs) in a range of prokaryotes that are operonically associated with Cas1 and Cas2. CAPPs belong to the Primase-Polymerase (Prim-Pol) superfamily of replicases that operate in various DNA repair and replication pathways that maintain genome stability. Here, we characterise the DNA synthesis activities of bacterial CAPP homologues from Type IIIA and IIIB CRISPR-Cas systems and establish that they possess a range of replicase activities including DNA priming, polymerisation and strand-displacement. We demonstrate that CAPPs operonically-associated partners, Cas1 and Cas2, form a complex that possesses spacer integration activity. We show that CAPPs physically associate with the Cas proteins to form bespoke CRISPR-Cas complexes. Finally, we propose how CAPPs activities, in conjunction with their partners, may function to undertake key roles in CRISPR-Cas adaptation.

Effects of Polyamines on In Vitro DNA Synthesis by DNA Polymerases from Calf Thymus

1976 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonen YOSHIDA ◽  
Shigeo MASAKI ◽  
Teruo ANDO
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Calf Thymus

Cytoplasmic control of DNA synthesis by myocardial nuclei

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. H66-H72
Author(s):  
C. J. Limas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factor ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Rat Myocytes ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Isolated Rat

In vitro DNA synthesis by isolated myocardial nuclei declines rapidly during postnatal growth. To study the mechanism(s) responsible for this decline, cytoplasmic extracts (CE) were prepared from isolated rat myocytes at different times after birth. CE from 2-day-old rats stimulated in vitro DNA synthesis by myocardial nuclei from adult (6 mo old) rats (55 +/- 6 pmol[3H]dTMP . mg DNA-1 . 15 min-1 vs. 32 +/- 4 pmol [3H]dTMP . mg DNA-1 . 15 min-1 in untreated controls, P less than 0.01). The ability of cytoplasmic extracts of stimulate DNA synthesis decreased with age, from 73 +/- 9% over controls at age 2 days to 18 +/- 6 at 28 days; adult myocytes were essentially ineffective. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that CE-directed DNA synthesis was replicative and discontinuous. CE stimulatory activity was heat-labile, nondialyzable, trypsin-sensitive, and distinct from DNA polymerases. The results indicate that a) adult myocyte nuclei can be induced to synthesize DNA by cytoplasmic extracts from neonatal rats, and b) that absence of regulatory cytoplasmic factor(s) may, in part, explain the age-dependent decline in myocardial DNA synthesis.

scholarly journals Rolling Circle DNA Synthesis:  Small Circular Oligonucleotides as Efficient Templates for DNA Polymerases

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1587-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyu Liu ◽  
Sarah L. Daubendiek ◽  
Martin A. Zillman ◽  
Kevin Ryan ◽  
Eric T. Kool
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Rolling Circle

Characteristics of the major DNA polymerases found during early and late maize germination

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1186-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Vazquez ◽  
Jorge Vazquez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Embryo Axes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Alpha Type ◽  
Degree Of Purification ◽  
Optimum Ph And Temperature

Two types of DNA synthesis have been detected during maize germination (0–24 h). To determine if the difference in these two types of synthesis was due to the presence of distinct DNA polymerases, we partially isolated and characterized the enzymes present at 3 (early) and 24 (late) h of germination. The material used was embryo axes. The result indicates that at both 3 and 24 h, enzymes are similar with regard to optimum pH and temperature, absolute requirement of Mg2+ (12 mM), and stimulation by KCl (50 mM). They are also equally inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranoside. These facts would classify the enzymes as alpha type; however, the enzymes differ in their sensitivity to aphidicolin and the degree of purification. The nature of the enzymes is discussed.

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