Transbilayer Movement of Fully Ionized Taurine-Conjugated Bile Salts Depends upon Bile Salt Concentration, Hydrophobicity, and Membrane Cholesterol Content†,‡

Biochemistry ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (38) ◽  
pp. 11444-11451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Donovan ◽  
Audrey A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Membrane Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Salt Concentration ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts

Self-diffusion study of bile salt-monoolein micelles determination of the intermicellar bile salt concentration

1983 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Lindheimer ◽  
Jean-Claude Montet ◽  
Roselyne Bontemps ◽  
Jacques Rouviere ◽  
Bernard Brun
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Study ◽  
Bile Salt Concentration ◽  
Self Diffusion

Effect of Conjugated Bile Salts on Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bile Salt–Tolerant Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM P. CHARTERIS ◽  
PHILLIP M. KELLY ◽  
LORENZO MORELLI ◽  
J. KEVIN COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts

Virtually every antibiotic may cause in vivo alterations in the number, level, and composition of the indigenous microbiotae. The degree to which the microbiotae are disturbed depends on many factors. Although bile may augment antibiotic activity, studies on the effect of bile on the antibiotic susceptibility of indigenous and exogenous probiotic microorganisms are lacking. It was against this background that the antibiotic susceptibility of 37 bile salt–tolerant Lactobacillus and 11 Bifidobacterium isolates from human and other sources was determined in the presence of 0.5% wt/wt oxgall (conjugated bile salts). Oxgall did not affect the intrinsic resistance of lactobacilli to metronidazole (5 μg), vancomycin (30 μg), and cotrimoxazole (25 μg), whereas it resulted in a complete loss of resistance to polymyxin B (300 μg) and the aminoglycosides gentamicin (10 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), and streptomycin (10 μg) for most strains studied (P < 0.001). Oxgall did not affect the intrinsic resistance of bifidobacteria to metronidazole and vancomycin, whereas polymyxin B and co-trimoxazole resistance was diminished (P < 0.05) and aminoglycoside resistance was lost (P < 0.001). Seven lactobacilli, but no bifidobacteria strain, showed unaltered intrinsic antibiotic resistance profiles in the presence of oxgall. Oxgall affected the extrinsic susceptibility of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria to penicillin G (10 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), and rifampicin (5 μg) in a source- and strain-dependent manner. Human strain–drug combinations of lactobacilli (P < 0.05) and bifidobacteria (P < 0.01) were more likely to show no change or decreased susceptibility compared with other strain-drug combinations. The antimicrobial activity spectra of polymyxin B and the aminoglycosides should not be considered limited to gram-negative bacteria but extended to include gram-positive genera of the indigenous and transiting microbiotae in the presence of conjugated bile salts. Those lactobacilli (7 of 37) that show unaltered intrinsic and diminished extrinsic antibiotic susceptibility in the presence of oxgall may possess greater upper gastrointestinal tract transit tolerance in the presence of antibiotics.

Vitamin K2 colonic and ileal in vivo absorption: bile, fatty acids, and pH effects on transport.

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. E124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Hollander ◽  
E Rim ◽  
P E Ruble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Bile Salt Concentration

Colonic and ileal absorption of vitamin K2 ([2-methyl-3H]menaquinone-9) was investigated in the conscious rat. When the absorption rate was plotted against the perfusate concentration, a linear relationship was found between these two parameters in the ileum and colon. The absorption rate of menaquinone by the ileum was increased as the bile salt concentration, degree of unsaturation of the added long-chain fatty acids, hydrogen ion concentration, and perfusate flow rates were increased. Colonic menaquinone absorption decreased as the bile salt concentration was increased. Menaquinone colonic absoprtion increased as the pH decreased, but no change was noted as the perfusion rate was increased. The present experimental observations in vivo, coupled with prior observations in vitro, indicate that absorption of menaquinone by the ileum and colon occurs by a passive diffusion process that is modified by variations in the perfusate bile salt concentration, the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, and the perfusate pH. The present observations indicate that the mammalian colon and terminal ileum can provide a constant source of vitamin K to aid hemostasis despite episodic lack of dietary vitamin K.

scholarly journals Synthesis of phospholipid-conjugated bile salts and interaction of bile salt-coated liposomes with cultured hepatocytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2325-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pütz ◽  
W. Schmider ◽  
R. Nitschke ◽  
G. Kurz ◽  
H. E. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Cultured Hepatocytes ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts

Studies on the Action Mechanism for Cholesterol-Lowering of Lactobacillus which Yields Bile Salt Hydrolase from Kefir Grains

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1336-1340
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Yuan Hong Xie ◽  
Tao Han ◽  
Hong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts

Cholesterol-lowering strains were obtained by high throughput screening technology and ortho-phthalaldehyde method. We used oxford cup method to screen again to obtain strains of high yield bile salt hydrolase and illuminate action mechanism ofLactobacillusreducing cholesterol. Screened six strains had the ability of high yield bile salt hydrolase and good ferment ability. The results of identifying bacteria species: strain KTxKL1J1 wereLactobacillus casei, strain Tx wasStreptococcus thermophilus, strain KS4P1 wereLactococcus lactis subsp.lactis, where the last two bacteria were strain of high yield bile salt hydrolase to be few known in literature. This work showed that dissociation bile salts and cholesterol conjuncted sediments by bile salt hydrolase decomposing conjugated bile salts.

The Effects of Bile Salts on Some Coagulation Components and Related Enzymes

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 594-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M Engel ◽  
B Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Bile Salt ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Critical Micellar Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Activator Complex

SummaryCertain purified bile salts, individually or in a mixture, profoundly affect - either inhibiting or enhancing - the esterolytic activities of thrombin, trypsin, and plasmin, the clotting activity of thrombin, and caseinolysis by trypsin. They also promote SK-induced fibrinolysis and impair FI clottability. These effects are directly related to bile salt concentration but not to the critical micellar concentration.A very unusual effect was observed with deoxycholate and FI : besides inhibiting FI clottability, the salt induces spontaneous gelation. In addition, it binds strongly to the protein, as has been already reported for another plasma protein, albumin, and to a lesser degree, to alpha- and beta-globulins.Noteworthy is the fact that activation of pancreatic juice trypsinogen by thrombin also was increased by prior thrombin exposure to the salts. On the other hand, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was slightly inhibited by the bile salt mixture, which, when added to PRP moderately inhibited the ADP-induced aggregation. No effect was observed on the conversion of F II in plasma via the thromboplastic mechanism when deoxycholate, or cholate, or glycocholate was added to the system.It is postulated that the bile salt mixture enhances SK-induced fibrinolysis by direct action, either on SK, or on the SK-activator complex, attributable to the detergent properties of the salts.The physiologic and pathologic implications of our results with respect to hemostasis and pancreatitis are discussed.

scholarly journals Activity of the Bile Salt Export Pump (ABCB11) Is Critically Dependent on Canalicular Membrane Cholesterol Content

2009 ◽  
Vol 284 (15) ◽  
pp. 9947-9954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coen C. Paulusma ◽  
D. Rudi de Waart ◽  
Cindy Kunne ◽  
Kam S. Mok ◽  
Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Membrane Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Salt Export Pump ◽  
Canalicular Membrane
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