The Nucleotide Binding Folds of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Are Extracellularly Accessible†

Biochemistry ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (25) ◽  
pp. 7739-7745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren B. Gruis ◽  
Elmer M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane

scholarly journals Inhibition of ATPase, GTPase and adenylate kinase activities of the second nucleotide-binding fold of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by genistein

1999 ◽  
Vol 340 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph RANDAK ◽  
Ennes A. AUERSWALD ◽  
Irmgard ASSFALG-MACHLEIDT ◽  
William W. REENSTRA ◽  
Werner MACHLEIDT
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Adenylate Kinase ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance ◽  
Enhanced Fluorescence ◽  
Chloride Currents ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane ◽  
Ordered State

In the presence of ATP, genistein, like the ATP analogue adenosine 5ʹ-[β,γ-imido]triphosphate (pp[NH]pA), increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride currents by prolonging open times. As pp[NH]pA is thought to increase CFTR currents by interfering with ATP hydrolysis at the second nucleotide-binding fold (NBF-2), the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of genistein on a fusion protein comprising maltose-binding protein (MBP) and NBF-2 (MBP-NBF-2). MBP-NBF-2 exhibited ATPase, GTPase and adenylate kinase activities that were inhibited by genistein in a partial non-competitive manner with respect to ATP or GTP. Ki values for competitive and uncompetitive inhibition were respectively 20 μM and 63 μM for ATPase, 15 μM and 54 μM for GTPase, and 46 μM and 142 μM for adenylate kinase. For ATPase activity, genistein reduced Vmax by 29% and Vmax/Km by 77%. Additional evidence for complex-formation between genistein and MBP-NBF-2 was obtained by the detection of genistein-dependent alterations in the CD spectrum of MBP-NBF-2 that were consistent with the formation of a higher-ordered state. Addition of MBP-NBF-2 increased the fluorescence intensity of genistein, consistent with a change to a less polar environment. pp[NH]pA partially eliminated this enhanced fluorescence of genistein. These observations provide the first direct biochemical evidence that genistein interacts with CFTR, thus inhibiting NBF-2 activity, and suggest a similar mechanism for genistein-dependent stimulation of CFTR chloride currents.

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