Determination of the Chemical Mechanism of Malic Enzyme by Isotope Effects†

Biochemistry ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Edens ◽  
Jeffrey L. Urbauer ◽  
W. W. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Chemical Mechanism

Determination of the rate-limiting steps for malic enzyme by the use of isotope effects and other kinetic studies

Biochemistry ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Schimerlik ◽  
C. E. Grimshaw ◽  
W. W. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Rate Limiting

Determination of the Mechanism of Human Malic Enzyme with Natural and Alternate Dinucleotides by Isotope Effects

2001 ◽  
Vol 396 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Rishavy ◽  
Zhiru Yang ◽  
Liang Tong ◽  
W.W. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Isotope Effects

Determination of the Kinetic and Chemical Mechanism of Malic Enzyme Using (2R,3R)-erythro-Fluoromalate as a Slow Alternate Substrate†

Biochemistry ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (51) ◽  
pp. 18026-18031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Urbauer ◽  
Debra E. Bradshaw ◽  
W. W. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Alternate Substrate

Determination of the chemical mechanism of glutamate dehydrogenase from pH studies

Biochemistry ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2328-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Rife ◽  
W. W. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chemical Mechanism

Multiple isotope effects with alternative dinucleotide substrates as a probe of the malic enzyme reaction

Biochemistry ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (23) ◽  
pp. 5755-5763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Weiss ◽  
Sandhya R. Gavva ◽  
Ben G. Harris ◽  
Jeffrey L. Urbauer ◽  
W. W. Cleland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Enzyme Reaction

Computations by Means of Macroscopic Chemical Kinetics

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ross ◽  
Igor Schreiber ◽  
Marcel O. Vlad
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Universal Turing Machine ◽  
Sequential Machines ◽  
Logic Functions

The topic of this chapter may seem like a digression from methods and approaches to reaction mechanisms, but it is not; it is an introduction to it. We worked on both topics for some time and there is a basic connection. Think of an electronic device and ask: how are the logic functions of this device determined? Electronic inputs (voltages and currents) are applied and outputs are measured. A truth table is constructed and from this table the logic functions of the device, and at times some of its components, may be inferred. The device is not subjected to the approach toward a chemical mechanism described in the previous chapter, of taking the device apart and testing its simplest components. (That may have to be done sometimes but is to be avoided if possible.) Can such an approach be applicable to chemical systems? We show this to be the case by discussing the implementation of logic and computational devices, both sequential machines such as a universal Turing machine (hand computers, laptops) and parallel machines, by means of macroscopic kinetics; by giving a brief comparison with neural networks; by showing the presence of such devices in chemical and biochemical reaction systems; and by presenting some confirming experiments. The next step is clear: if macroscopic chemical kinetics can carry out these electronic functions, then there are likely to be new approaches possible for the determination of complex reaction mechanisms, analogs of such determinations for electronic components. The discussion in the remainder of this chapter is devoted to illustrations of these topics; it can be skipped, except the last paragraph, without loss of continuity with chapter 5 and beyond. A neuron is either on or off depending on the signals it has received. A chemical neuron is a similar device.

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