Individual Subunits of Heterodimers Comprised of Retinoic Acid and Retinoid X Receptors Interact with Their Ligands Independently†

Biochemistry ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 3816-3824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Kersten ◽  
Marcia I. Dawson ◽  
Betty A. Lewis ◽  
Noa Noy
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

scholarly journals Multiple retinoid-responsive receptors in a single cell: families of retinoid "X" receptors and retinoic acid receptors in the Xenopus egg.

1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2321-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Blumberg ◽  
D. J. Mangelsdorf ◽  
J. A. Dyck ◽  
D. A. Bittner ◽  
R. M. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
Xenopus Egg ◽  
X Receptors

Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors in the mature retina: Subtype determination and cellular distribution

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques J.M. Janssen ◽  
Eleonoor D. Kuhlmann ◽  
Anke H.M. van Vugt ◽  
Huub J. Winkens ◽  
Bert P.M. Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Regulation of the murine α2(I) collagen promoter by retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors

2002 ◽  
Vol 401 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Wang ◽  
Lynda Rennie Tankersley ◽  
Mei Tang ◽  
James J. Potter ◽  
Esteban Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Collagen Promoter

Retinoid receptors promote primary neurogenesis in Xenopus

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Sharpe ◽  
K. Goldstone
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Retinoid Receptors ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Synthetic Mrna ◽  
Primary Neurogenesis

Retinoid receptors, which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. They mediate the effects of retinoic acid primarily as heterodimers of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). To analyse their function, xRXR beta synthetic mRNA was injected into Xenopus embryos in combination with normal and mutated xRAR alpha transcripts. Two informative phenotypes are reported here. Firstly, over-expression of xRXR beta with xRAR alpha results in the formation of ectopic primary neurons. Secondly, blocking retinoid signalling with a mutated xRAR alpha results in a lack of primary neurons. These two phenotypes, from contra-acting manipulations, indicate a role for retinoid signalling during neurogenesis.

Retinoid X receptors stimulate and 9-cis retinoic acid inhibits 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-activated expression of the rat osteocalcin gene

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5907-5917
Author(s):  
P N MacDonald ◽  
D R Dowd ◽  
S Nakajima ◽  
M A Galligan ◽  
M C Reeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Osteocalcin Gene ◽  
X Receptors

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds the vitamin D-responsive element (VDRE) as a heterodimer with an unidentified receptor auxiliary factor (RAF) present in mammalian cell nuclear extracts. VDR also interacts with the retinoid X receptors (RXRs), implying that RAF may be related to the RXRs. Here we demonstrate that highly purified HeLa cell RAF contained RXR beta immunoreactivity and that both activities copurified and precisely coeluted in high-resolution hydroxylapatite chromatography. Furthermore, an RXR beta-specific antibody disrupted VDR-RAF-VDRE complexes in mobility shift assays. These data strongly indicate that HeLa RAF is highly related to or is identical to RXR beta. Consequently, the effect of the 9-cis retinoic acid ligand for RXRs was examined in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-activated gene expression systems. Increasing concentrations of 9-cis retinoic acid (1 nM to 1 microM) markedly reduced 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent accumulation of osteocalcin mRNA in osteoblast-like ROS 17/2.8 cells. All-trans retinoic acid also interfered with vitamin D responsiveness, but it was consistently less potent than the 9-cis isomer. Transient transfection studies revealed that attenuation by 9-cis retinoic acid was at the transcriptional level and was mediated through interactions at the osteocalcin VDRE. Furthermore, overexpression of both RXR beta and RXR alpha augmented 1,25(OH)2D3 responsiveness in transient expression studies. Direct analysis of VDRE binding in mobility shift assays demonstrated that heteromeric interactions between VDR and RXR were enhanced by 1,25(OH)2D3 and were not affected appreciably by 9-cis retinoic acid, except that inhibition was observed at high retinoid concentrations. These data suggest a regulatory mechanism for osteocalcin gene expression that involves 1,25(OH)2D3-induced heterodimerization of VDR and unliganded RXR. 9-cis retinoic acid may attenuate 1,25(OH)2D3 responsiveness by diverting RXRs away from VDR-mediated transcription and towards other RXR-dependent transcriptional pathways.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document