Dual Functional Roles of ATP in the Human Mitochondrial Malic Enzyme†

Biochemistry ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (23) ◽  
pp. 7382-7390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chi Hsu ◽  
Hui-Chih Hung ◽  
Liang Tong ◽  
Gu-Gang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Mitochondrial Malic Enzyme

scholarly journals The Potato Virus X TGBp2 Protein Plays Dual Functional Roles in Viral Replication and Movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Wu ◽  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Mengzhu Chai ◽  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
Dalong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triple Gene Block ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Movement Proteins ◽  
Gene Block ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Viral Rdrp ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Intercellular Movement

ABSTRACTPlant viruses usually encode one or more movement proteins (MP) to accomplish their intercellular movement. A group of positive-strand RNA plant viruses requires three viral proteins (TGBp1, TGBp2, and TGBp3) that are encoded by an evolutionarily conserved genetic module of three partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), termed the triple gene block (TGB). However, how these three viral movement proteins function cooperatively in viral intercellular movement is still elusive. Using a novelin vivodouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA) labeling system, we showed that the dsRNAs generated by potato virus X (PVX) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are colocalized with viral RdRp, which are further tightly covered by “chain mail”-like TGBp2 aggregates and localizes alongside TGBp3 aggregates. We also discovered that TGBp2 interacts with the C-terminal domain of PVX RdRp, and this interaction is required for the localization of TGBp3 and itself to the RdRp/dsRNA bodies. Moreover, we reveal that the central and C-terminal hydrophilic domains of TGBp2 are required to interact with viral RdRp. Finally, we demonstrate that knockout of the entire TGBp2 or the domain involved in interacting with viral RdRp attenuates both PVX replication and movement. Collectively, these findings suggest that TGBp2 plays dual functional roles in PVX replication and intercellular movement.IMPORTANCEMany plant viruses contain three partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), termed the triple gene block (TGB), for intercellular movement. However, how the corresponding three proteins coordinate their functions remains obscure. In the present study, we provided multiple lines of evidence supporting the notion that PVX TGBp2 functions as the molecular adaptor bridging the interaction between the RdRp/dsRNA body and TGBp3 by forming “chain mail”-like structures in the RdRp/dsRNA body, which can also enhance viral replication. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the replication and movement of PVX and possibly also other TGB-containing plant viruses.

scholarly journals Regulation of mitochondrial malic enzyme synthesis in mouse brain.

1979 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 6539-6541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Bernstine ◽  
C. Koh ◽  
C. C. Lovelace
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Malic Enzyme

scholarly journals Cerebral Metabolism of Lactate in Vivo: Evidence for Neuronal Pyruvate Carboxylation

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørnar Hassel ◽  
Anders Bråthe
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylation ◽  
Nitropropionic Acid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mitochondrial Malic Enzyme ◽  
Intrastriatal Injection

The cerebral metabolism of lactate was investigated. Awake mice received [3-13C]lactate or [1-13C]glucose intravenously, and brain and blood extracts were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cerebral up-take and metabolism of [3-13C]lactate was 50% that of [1-13C]glucose. [3-13C]Lactate was almost exclusively metabolized by neurons and hardly at all by glia, as revealed by the 13C labeling of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine. Injection of [3-13C]lactate led to extensive formation of [2-13C]lactate, which was not seen with [1-13C]glucose, nor has it been seen in previous studies with [2-13C]acetate. This formation probably reflected reversible carboxylation of [3-13C]pyruvate to malate and equilibration with fumarate, because inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase with nitropropionic acid did not block it. Of the [3-13C]lactate that reached the brain, 20% underwent this reaction, which probably involved neuronal mitochondrial malic enzyme. The activities of mitochondrial malic enzyme, fumarase, and lactate dehydrogenase were high enough to account for the formation of [2-13C]lactate in neurons. Neuronal pyruvate carboxylation was confirmed by the higher specific activity of glutamate than of glutamine after intrastriatal injection of [1-14C]pyruvate into anesthetized mice. This procedure also demonstrated equilibration of malate, formed through pyruvate carboxylation, with fumarate. The demonstration of neuronal pyruvate carboxylation demands reconsideration of the metabolic interrelationship between neurons and glia.

scholarly journals Kub5-Hera, the human Rtt103 homolog, plays dual functional roles in transcription termination and DNA repair

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 4996-5006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C. Morales ◽  
Patricia Richard ◽  
Amy Rommel ◽  
Farjana J. Fattah ◽  
Edward A. Motea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Transcription Termination ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Dual Functional

Nanocarrier-Based Biological Fluorescent Probes for Simultaneous Detection of Ketamine and Amphetamine in Latent Fingermarks

NANO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Gaoling Zhao ◽  
Wangwei Lu ◽  
Lingtong Zhan ◽  
Gaorong Han
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Nanocarrier-based biological fluorescent probes for ketamine and amphetamine have been prepared by conjugating red and green fluorescent nanoparticles (150-nm-sized) with anti-ketamine and anti-amphetamine antibodies, respectively, with the assistance of carbodiimide/[Formula: see text]-hydroxysuccinimide. Biological fluorescent probes for ketamine and amphetamine could simultaneously detect these two drugs within a single fingermark by one-step test. Nanoparticles as carrier played dual-functional roles for not only fingermark visualization but also drug recognition. Latent fingermarks were visualized by the fluorescence signal generated from nanoparticles. The developed fingermarks clearly revealed ridge pattern and sufficient minutiae for individual identification. Ketamine and amphetamine were recognized by simply observing the colors of fluorescent images when the fingermark was checked in red and green channels. Detection limit of ketamine or amphetamine was 50[Formula: see text]ng in fingermark. This work therefore provides a novel nanocarrier-based strategy of drug detection as well as personal identification with high selectivity, low background interference and fast testing, which can be further broadened to other drugs and molecules.

scholarly journals Dual Functional Roles of Molecular Beacon as a MicroRNA Detector and Inhibitor

2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (9) ◽  
pp. 3568-3580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Ming Li ◽  
Ching-Man Chan ◽  
Andrew L. Miller ◽  
Chow H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beacon ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Dual Functional
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