Role of an N-Terminal Loop in the Secondary Structural Change of Photoactive Yellow Protein†

Biochemistry ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (47) ◽  
pp. 13893-13900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Harigai ◽  
Yasushi Imamoto ◽  
Hironari Kamikubo ◽  
Yoichi Yamazaki ◽  
Mikio Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Photoactive Yellow Protein ◽  
Terminal Loop ◽  
Secondary Structural Change

The Policy of the EEC on Concentrative Joint Ventures

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
D.S. Nava
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Competition Rules

The EEC Treaty contains no specific provisions for the control of concentrations. Only the competition rules. Articles 85 and 86 EEC, could be considered as possible legal instruments for regulating concentrations. The Commission has had to examine whether and to what extent these provisions could be used to this end.The Commission's view has been that Article 85 does not apply to operations resulting in structural change, as is the case of concentrations and concentrative joint ventures. Cooperative operations, such as cooperative joint ventures, on the other hand fall to be assessed under Article 85. The Philip Morris case has made this position uncertain. According to the extensive interpretation of this judgement Article 85 is now applicable to certain concentrations and thus to concentrative joint ventures.There is no such uncertainty regarding the role of Article 86 in controlling concentrative joint ventures, for the Court has established in the Continental Can case that concentrations can be caught by Article 86.With the adoption in 1989 of the Regulation on concentration control the Commission finally has a legal instrument specifically designed to regulate concentrations. However, only concentrations and concentrative joint ventures which comply with certain turnover thresholds (the so-called concentrations or concentrative joint ventures with a Community dimension) can be assessed by the Commission under the Regulation. This means that the provisions of the Regulation can not be applied to concentrative joint ventures beneath the threshold.Because of the difficulty in distinguishing concentrative operations from cooperative ones, the Commission published the Notice regarding the concentrative and cooperative operations under the Regulation on the control of concentrations.

scholarly journals Secondary structural change of PYP

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (supplement) ◽  
pp. S195
Author(s):  
Y. Imamoto ◽  
M. Harigai ◽  
H. Kamikubo ◽  
Y. Yamazaki ◽  
M. Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Secondary Structural Change

Workplace Safety and Criminalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-408
Author(s):  
Paul Almond
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Organizational Norms ◽  
Capacity Choice ◽  
Corporate Manslaughter ◽  
Open Question

This chapter argues that the contribution of criminalization to better health and safety in workplaces has been limited by certain contextual features of this regulatory method. It focuses on the role of criminal law in the health and safety legislation and the corporate manslaughter offence. In particular, this chapter argues that criminal law interventions are gravitationally oriented towards individualized notions of fault, capacity, choice, and responsibility. Once the liability enquiry is structured in this highly personalized way, the regulatory capacities of the criminal law to secure effective and enduring structural change is limited. Thus, it remains an open question whether the criminal law can accommodate approaches to responsibility that are more attuned to structures, cultures, and organizational norms.

Beyond Moral Efficiency: Effective Altruism and Theorizing about Effectiveness

Utilitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Federico Zuolo
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Practical Challenge ◽  
Effective Altruism

AbstractIn this article I provide a conceptual analysis of an underexplored issue in the debate about effective altruism: its theory of effectiveness. First, I distinguish effectiveness from efficiency and claim that effective altruism understands effectiveness through the lens of efficiency. Then, I discuss the limitations of this approach in particular with respect to the charge that it is incapable of supporting structural change. Finally, I propose an expansion of the notion of effectiveness of effective altruism by referring to the debate in political philosophy about realism and the practical challenge of normative theories. I argue that effective altruism, both as a social movement and as a conceptual paradigm, would benefit from clarifying its ideal, taking into account the role of institutions, and expanding its idea of feasibility.

Institutional change and divergent economic resilience: Path development of two resource-depleted cities in China

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 3466-3485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Hu ◽  
Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Change Mechanisms

Existing literature on the economic resilience of cities has primarily focused on the study of capabilities and outcomes, while little has been conducted on the evolutionary processes. Drawing upon institutional change and path development concepts, this article develops an analytical framework that explains how different modes of institutional change shape path development processes in relation to economic resilience in cities. This article provides a comparative study on the divergent path development involving distinctive institutional change mechanisms in two Chinese mining cities both facing resource depletion since 2000, namely Zaozhuang in Shandong province and Fuxin in Liaoning province. It shows that Zaozhuang enables endogenously-based layering and conversion that leads to path renewal and creation with a more dynamic resilience engendering structural change, whereas Fuxin is trapped in exogenously-induced institutional thickening that results in path persistence and extension with a less dynamic resilience hindering economic renewal. The findings of this study advance the regional resilience literature by incorporating the role of agency, institutional change and path development in the context of China.

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