Nature of the Insoluble Pigmented Structures (Chromatophores) in Extracts and Lysates of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides*

Biochemistry ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2027-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides

Urobiliverdin, a New Bile Pigment Deriving from Uroporphyrin

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Benedikt ◽  
Hans-Peter Köst
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Enzyme Extract ◽  
Crude Enzyme Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Behaviour ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides

5-Aminolevulinic acid is incubated with a crude enzyme extract from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, mutant R 26. The formed porphyrins (main product: uroporphyrin III) are isolated. Incorporation of iron, ring-splitting by coupled oxydation and subsequent iron removal leads to a mixture of pigments, from which urobiliverdin, a new bile pigment with eight carboxylic acid side chains, is isolated. It is characterized by its chromatographic behaviour, chromic acid degra­dation and UV-vis spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Properties of a cytochrome c-enriched light particulate fraction isolated from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas spheroides

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Barrett ◽  
C N Hunter ◽  
O T G Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacterium ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Cytochrome C2 ◽  
Succinate Cytochrome C Reductase ◽  
Bulk Membrane ◽  
Nadh Cytochrome ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides

Differential centrifugation of suspensions of French-press-disrupted Rhodopseudomonas spheroides yielded a light particulate fraction that was different in many properties from the bulk membrane fraction. It was enriched in cytochrome c and had a low cytochrome b content. When prepared from photosynthetically grown cells this fraction had a very low specific bacteriochlorophyll content. The cytochrome c of the light particles differed in absorption maxima at 77K from cytochrome c2 attached to membranes; there was pronounced splitting of the alpha-band, as is found in cytochrome c2 free in solution. Potentiometric titration at A552–A540 showed the presence of two components that fitted an n = 1 titration; one component had a midpoint redox potential of +345mV, like cytochrome c2 in solution, and the second had E0′ at pH 7.0 of +110 mV, and they were present in a ratio of approx. 2:3. Difference spectroscopy at 77K showed that the spectra of the two components were very similar. More of a CO-binding component was present in particles from photosynthetically grown cells. Light membranes purified by centrifugation on gradients of 5–60% (w/w) sucrose retained the two c cytochromes; they contained no detectable succinate-cytochrome c reductase or bacteriochlorophyll and very little ubiquinone, but they contained NADH-cytochrome c reductase and some phosphate. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels showed that the light membranes of aerobically and photosynthetically grown cells were very similar and differed greatly from other membrane fractions of R. spheroides.

scholarly journals THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORE FRACTIONS

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Barron Worden ◽  
W. R. Sistrom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Unit ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Sedimentation Constant ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Chromatophore material from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas spheroides was freed of ribosomes by centrifugation in 27 per cent RbCl and then separated into "heavy" and "light" fractions by centrifugation through a sucrose gradient. The fractions differed from one another in the following ways. (a) The isopycnic density of the heavy fraction was between 1.15 and 1.18 gm/ml and that of the light fraction was 1.14 gm/ml. (b) The heavy fraction was able to bind ribosomes; the light fraction was not. (c) The light fraction was homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and had a sedimentation constant, extrapolated to infinite dilution, of 153 s20,w. The heavy fraction was grossly heterogeneous. (d) Both the amount of bacteriochlorophyll relative to protein and the ratio of bacteriochlorophyll to carotenoids were greater in the light fraction. (e) The spectra of the two fractions in the near infra-red were different. Comparisons of the chromatophore fractions from cells with different amounts of bacteriochlorophyll showed that the specific bacteriochlorophyll contents of the two fractions did not change to the same extent as did that of the whole cells. The amount of heavy fraction from pigmented cells was roughly independent of the cellular pigment content and was about equal to that from pigment-free cells. The amount of light fraction depended on the pigment content of the cells; no light fraction was obtained from cells devoid of bacteriochlorophyll. The cytochrome complements of both fractions underwent quantitative as well as qualitative changes with varying growth conditions. The size of the photosynthetic unit in R. spheroides appeared to increase as the total cellular bacteriochlorophyll content increased; however, the number of units per light fraction particle remained constant.

scholarly journals Multiple light-induced reactions of cytochromes b and c in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Antimycin A ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Cytochromes C ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides

Illumination of chromatophore preparations from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides causes the oxidation of a cytochrome c and a slight oxidation of a cytochrome b with a maximum at 560nm. When illuminated in the presence of antimycin A the oxidation of cytochrome c was more pronounced and cytochrome b560 was reduced; the dark oxidation of cytochrome b560 was biphasic in the presence of succinate, but not in the presence of NADH, a less effective reductant. Split-beam spectroscopy showed that, in addition to the reduction of cytochrome b560, another pigment with maxima at 565 and 537nm. was reduced and was more rapidly oxidized in the dark than cytochrome b560. This pigment, tentatively identified as cytochrome b565, was also detected in spectra at 77°k, after brief illumination at room temperature; the maxima at 77°k were at 562 and 536nm. In the absence of antimycin A, light caused a transient reduction of cytochrome b565 and an oxidation of cytochrome b560. Dark oxidation of b565 was rapid, even in the presence of antimycin A and succinate. Difference spectra, at 77°k, of ascorbate-reduced minus succinate-reduced chromatophores or of anaerobic succinate-reduced minus aerobic succinate-reduced chromatophores suggested that two cytochromes c were present, with maxima at 547 and 549nm. When chromatophores frozen at 77°k were illuminated both these cytochromes c were oxidized, indicating a close association with the photochemical reaction centre. A scheme involving two reaction centres is proposed to explain these results.

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