Vitamin D Stimulation of [3H]Orotic Acid Incorporation into Ribonucleic Acid of Rat Intestinal Mucosa*

Biochemistry ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Stohs ◽  
J. Elwood Zull ◽  
H. F. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Biotin-mediated protein biosynthesis

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Boeckx ◽  
K. Dakshinamurti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of administration of biotin to biotin-deficient rats on protein biosynthesis was studied. Biotin treatment resulted in stimulation by more than twofold of amino acid incorporation into protein, both in vivo and in vitro in rat liver, pancreas, intestinal mucosa and skin. Analysis of the products of amino acid incorporation into liver proteins in vivo and in vitro indicated that the synthesis of some proteins was stimulated more than twofold, but others were not stimulated at all. This indicates a specificity in the stimulation of protein synthesis mediated by biotin.

scholarly journals Isolation of chick intestinal nuclei. Effect of vitamin D3 on nuclear metabolism

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. M. Lawson ◽  
P. W. Wilson ◽  
D. C. Barker ◽  
E. Kodicek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Isolated Nuclei ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Rna Polymerase Activity ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Chick intestinal nuclei were isolated, with practically no contamination from other organelles and whole cells, by centrifugation through 2·4m-sucrose. 2. The proportions of RNA, DNA and protein of the isolated nuclei were unaffected by the vitamin D status of the birds. The RNA/DNA ratio was 0·15. 3. The incorporation of [5−3H]orotic acid into the rapidly labelled intestinal nuclear RNA, after a 10min. pulse of the orotic acid, was increased in vitamin D-deficient chicks only 10min. after a 125μg. dose of cholecalciferol. 4. There was no stimulation of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of the isolated nuclei from birds treated with cholecalciferol. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the changes occurring during the lag period, after administration of cholecalciferol and before Ca2+ transport is detected, and the function of the vitamin.

scholarly journals PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED CELL NUCLEI

1957 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Allfrey ◽  
A. E. Mirsky ◽  
Syozo Osawa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Thymus Tissue

1. Nuclei prepared from calf thymus tissue in a sucrose medium actively incorporate labelled amino acids into their proteins. This is an aerobic process which is dependent on nuclear oxidative phosphorylation. 2. Evidence is presented to show that the uptake of amino acids represents nuclear protein synthesis. 3. The deoxyribonucleic acid of the nucleus plays a role in amino acid incorporation. Protein synthesis virtually ceases when the DNA is removed from the nucleus, and uptake resumes when the DNA is restored. 4. In the essential mechanism of amino acid incorporation, the role of the DNA can be filled by denatured or partially degraded DNA, by DNAs from other tissues, and even by RNA. Purine and pyrimidine bases, monoribonucleotides, and certain dinucleotides are unable to substitute for DNA in this system. 5. When the proteins of the nucleus are fractionated and classified according to their specific activities, one finds the histones to be relatively inert. The protein fraction most closely associated with the DNA has a very high activity. A readily extractable ribonucleoprotein complex is also extremely active, and it is tempting to speculate that this may be an intermediary in nucleocytoplasmic interaction. 6. The isolated nucleus can incorporate glycine into nucleic acid purines, and orotic acid into the pyrimidines of its RNA. Orotic acid uptake into nuclear RNA requires the presence of the DNA. 7. The synthesis of ribonucleic acid can be inhibited at any time by a benzimidazole riboside (DRB) (which also retards influenza virus multiplication (11)). 8. The incorporation of amino acids into nuclear proteins seems to require a preliminary activation of the nucleus. This can be inhibited by the same benzimidazole derivative (DRB) which interferes with RNA synthesis, provided that the inhibitor is present at the outset of the incubation. DRB added 30 minutes later has no effect on nuclear protein synthesis. These results suggest that the activation of the nucleus so that it actively incorporates amino acids into its proteins requires a preliminary synthesis of ribonucleic acid. 9. Together with earlier observations (27, 28) on the incorporation of amino acids by cytoplasmic particulates, these results show that protein synthesis can occur in both nucleus and cytoplasm.

Effect of hypophysectomy on amino acid, thymidine, and orotic acid incorporation into the mucosa of the small bowel

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 828-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Levitan ◽  
Eli Havivi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Acid Incorporation

After hypophysectomy, the incorporation of tritiated thymidine and orotic acid into DNA and RNA, respectively, decreased in the intestinal mucosa. Hypophysectomy lowered the incorporation of amino acids into protein in vitro, yet the proportion of polysomes remained unaltered. After hypophysectomy, the polysomes were impaired in their ability to incorporate amino acids in vitro.

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