Molecular model of equine infectious anemia virus proteinase and kinetic measurements for peptide substrates with single amino acid substitutions

Biochemistry ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (13) ◽  
pp. 3354-3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene T. Weber ◽  
Jozsef Tozser ◽  
Jin Wu ◽  
Deirdre Friedman ◽  
Stephen Oroszlan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Peptide Substrates ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of an In Vivo Pathogenic Molecular Clone of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1383-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Frank Cook ◽  
Caroline Leroux ◽  
Sheila J. Cook ◽  
Sandra L. Berger ◽  
Drew L. Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Progeny Virus ◽  
Molecular Clone ◽  
Single Amino Acid Residue ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus

ABSTRACT An infectious nonpathogenic molecular clone (19-2-6A) of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was modified by substitution of a 3.3-kbp fragment amplified by PCR techniques from a pathogenic variant (EIAVPV) of the cell culture-adapted strain of EIAV (EIAVPR). This substitution consisted of coding sequences for 77 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus of the integrase, the S1 (encoding the second exon of tat), S2, and S3 (encoding the second exon of rev) open reading frames, the complete env gene (including the first exon ofrev), and the 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR). Modified 19-2-6A molecular clones were designated EIAVPV3.3, and infection of a single pony (678) with viruses derived from a mixture of five of these molecular clones induced clinical signs of acute equine infectious anemia (EIA) at 23 days postinfection (dpi). As a consequence of this initial study, a single molecular clone, EIAVPV3.3#3 (redesignated EIAVUK), was selected for further study and inoculated into two ponies (613 and 614) and two horses (700 and 764). Pony 614 and the two horses developed febrile responses by 12 dpi, which was accompanied by a 48 to 64% reduction in platelet number, whereas pony 613 did not develop fever (40.6°C) until 76 dpi. EIAV could be isolated from the plasma of these animals by 5 to 7 dpi, and all became seropositive for antibodies to this virus by 21 dpi. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence demonstrated that the 3.3-kbp 3′ fragment of EIAVUKdiffered from the consensus sequence of EIAVPV by just a single amino acid residue in the second exon of the rev gene. Complete homology with the EIAVPV consensus sequence was observed in the hypervariable region of the LTR. However, EIAVUK was found to contain an unusual 68-bp nucleotide insertion/duplication in a normally conserved region of the LTR sequence. These results demonstrate that substitution of a 3.3-kbp fragment from the EIAVPV strain into the infectious nonpathogenic molecular clone 19-2-6A leads to the production of progeny virus particles with the ability to induce clinical signs of EIA. Therefore, EIAVUK, which is the first pathogenic, cell culture-adapted molecular clone of EIAV to be described, should be of value in identifying viral determinants of pathogenicity.

scholarly journals High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Dantas Malossi ◽  
Eduardo Gorzoni Fioratti ◽  
Jedson Ferreira Cardoso ◽  
Angelo Jose Magro ◽  
Erna Geessien Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a persistent lentivirus that causes equine infectious anemia (EIA). In Brazil, EIAV is endemic in the Pantanal region, and euthanasia is not mandatory in this area. All of the complete genomic sequences from field viruses are from North America, Asia, and Europe, and only proviral genomic sequences are available. Sequences from Brazilian EIAV are currently available only for gag and LTR regions. Thus, the present study aimed for the first time to sequence the entire EIAV genomic RNA in naturally infected horses from an endemic area in Brazil. RNA in plasma from naturally infected horses was used for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and gaps were filled using Sanger sequencing methodology. Complete viral genomes of EIAV from two horses were obtained and annotated (Access Number: MN560970 and MN560971). Putative genes were analyzed and compared with previously described genes, showing conservation in gag and pol genes and high variations in LTR and env sequences. Amino acid changes were identified in the p26 protein, one of the most common targets used for diagnosis, and p26 molecular modelling showed surface amino acid alterations in some epitopes. Brazilian genome sequences presented 88.6% nucleotide identity with one another and 75.8 to 77.3% with main field strains, such as EIAV Liaoning, Wyoming, Ireland, and Italy isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggested that this Brazilian strain comprises a separate monophyletic group. These results may help to better characterize EIAV and to overcome the challenges of diagnosing and controlling EIA in endemic regions.

Epitope analysis using kinetic measurements of antibody binding to synthetic peptides presenting single amino acid substitutions

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Zeder-Lutz ◽  
Danièle Altschuh ◽  
Sandra Denery-Papini ◽  
Jean Paul Briand ◽  
Marc H. V. Van Regenmortel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Synthetic Peptides ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Epitope Analysis

scholarly journals Adaptive Immunity Is the Primary Force Driving Selection of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Envelope SU Variants during Acute Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (17) ◽  
pp. 9295-9305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Mealey ◽  
Steven R. Leib ◽  
Sarah L. Pownder ◽  
Travis C. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ctl Epitope ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus that causes persistent infection in horses. The appearance of antigenically distinct viral variants during recurrent viremic episodes is thought to be due to adaptive immune selection pressure. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated envelope SU cloned sequences from five severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) foals infected with EIAV. Within the SU hypervariable V3 region, 8.5% of the clones had amino acid changes, and 6.4% had amino acid changes within the known cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope Env-RW12. Of all the SU clones, only 3.1% had amino acid changes affecting potential N-linked glycosylation sites. In contrast, a much higher degree of variation was evident in SU sequences obtained from four EIAV-infected immunocompetent foals. Within V3, 68.8% of the clones contained amino acid changes, and 50% of the clones had amino acid changes within the Env-RW12 CTL epitope. Notably, 31.9% of the clones had amino acid changes affecting one or more glycosylation sites. Marked amino acid variation occurred in cloned SU sequences from an immune-reconstituted EIAV-infected SCID foal. Of these clones, 100% had amino acid changes within V3, 100% had amino acid changes within Env-RW12, and 97.5% had amino acid changes affecting glycosylation sites. Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions revealed statistically significant differences between SCID and immunocompetent foals and between SCID foals and the reconstituted SCID foal. Interestingly, amino acid selection at one site occurred independently of adaptive immune status. Not only do these data indicate that adaptive immunity primarily drives the selection of EIAV SU variants, but also they demonstrate that other selective forces exist during acute infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of equine infectious anemia virus by the indirect ELISA EIA-LAB as screening tools in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 103372
Author(s):  
Maria Carla Rodríguez Domínguez ◽  
Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez ◽  
Juan Carlos Vázquez Chagoyan ◽  
Alberto Barbabosa Pliego ◽  
Jorge Antonio Varela Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus
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