The Effects of Varying Relative Humidity Conditions on the Folding Endurance of Aged Paper Samples

Author(s):  
ADRIAN C. SCLAWY
2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 572-576
Author(s):  
Mohd Hilmi Othman ◽  
Nor Mazlana Main ◽  
Sulaiman Hasan ◽  
Mohd Izuan Kamaruzamend

Folding endurance is very important in terms of the indication for durability and performance of plastics and papers. The objective of this research is to study the performance of polypropylene hinges with the influence hot air in the fabricated chamber and high humidity condition. The performance of this sample was analysed by using folding endurance tester with hot air chamber, adopting the Design of Experiment L9 (34) Taguchi Method for the selected factors which are temperature, relative humidity, breaking time and motor speed. All of these factors were selected with a constant force. Based on the findings, the best combination of parameters which signify the performance of folding endurance test in humidity environment is 70°C for temperature, 60 N for relative humidity, 2 days of breaking time and 850 rpm for motor speed. As for hot air environment, the best setting is 70°C for temperature, 55 N for relative humidity, 3 days of breaking time and 700 rpm for motor speed. For Signal to Noise ratio, the result showed that the temperature was the most influential factor for humidity effects and hot air environment, whereby the Signal to Noise ratio value obtained for the humidity and hot air environment are 129.5 dBi and 130.5 dBi respectively. The conclusion of this research is the polypropylene hinges have performed better with hot air environment as compared with higher humidity environment condition.


2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Mohd Hilmi Othman ◽  
Hasan Sulaiman ◽  
N.M. Main ◽  
L. Li

This research was conducted to evaluate the strength and folding performance of polypropylene packaging samples, when exposed to hot air and high humidity condition. Three types of polypropylene samples were chosen, which were flat plastic, plastic with hinges, and plastic film. All of these samples were tested for tensile strength; except plastic with hinges that received additional test to evaluate the folding endurance. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard was applied to analyze the mechanical strength of these plastics. This standard was used to determine the value of stress, strain, and Young’s modulus. Each sample was exposed to different temperature settings, which were 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C for high humidity condition and 60°C, 65°C, and 70°C for hot air condition. As for the folding endurance test, the hot air temperatures were selected at 60°C, 65°C and 70°C and for the high humidity condition, the range of relative humidity were set at 50%, 55% and 60%. Based on the tensile test results, the values of stress and Young’s modulus were higher at higher humidity as compared with the values under hot air condition. However the strain value was the opposite of the stress and Young’s modulus, whereby the values started to deceive under high humidity condition, but kept on increasing under hot air condition. In folding endurance test, it was confirmed that the hinge performed better under hot air environment than high humidity. As the relative humidity increases, the average number of folding decreased from 3.00x106 to 2.89x106 cycles. In the other hand, thevalue of folding numbers increased from 3.34x106 to 3.37x106, with increasing temperature. In conclusion, through this performance analysis, the outcomes can be applied to other packaging materials and appliances, which are related to high temperature and high humidity condition.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI CHOUDHARY ◽  
PRABHAWATI PRABHAWATI

Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes infections in apparently healthy school going children and other 528 people of different districts of Koshi regions of North Bihar were evaluated. Over all incidences of STHs infection was 39.39% during study. High incidence of STH was seen in the rainy season i.e., in the month of July and August, September, significantly higher (P<0.05) .The incidence of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest in the month of August (18.64%). The month of September was 15.25% followed by that of July (14.4%) and October with 10.16%. Also the incidence of hookworm registered the highest incidence in the month of June (19.27%) and lowest in the month of December (4.82%) during the study period. However prevalence of Trichuris trichiura was negligible and it was almost nil in the most of the months but was highest in month of September with 28.57% and lowest in October with 14.00% The climatic factors are responsible for soil transmitted helminthes which are temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancyclostomiasis (Hookworm infection) are found to be endemic in this region.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MASROOR ALI KHAN ◽  
KHALID AL GHAMDI ◽  
JAZEM A. MEHYOUB ◽  
RAKHSHAN KHAN

The focus of this study is to find the relationship between El Nino and dengue fever cases in the study area.Mosquito density was recorded with the help of light traps and through aspirators collection. Climate data were obtained from National Meteorology and Environment centre. (Year wise El Nino and La Nina data are according to NOAA & Golden Gate Weather Services). Statistical methods were used to establish the correlation coefficient between different factors. A high significant relationship was observed between Relative Humidity and Dengue fever cases, but Aedes abundance had no significant relationship with either Relative humidity and Temperature. Our conclusion is that the El Nino does not affect the dengue transmission and Aedes mosquito abundance in this region, which is supported by earlier works.


2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (suppl_26) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Oueslati ◽  
M. S. Karmous ◽  
H. Ben Rhaiem ◽  
B. Lanson ◽  
A. Ben Haj Amara

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document