Membrane Impedance As a Probe for Interfacial Electrochemical Control of Living Cell Function

1980 ◽  
pp. 339-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR A. PILLA
Keyword(s):  
Living Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Membrane Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Control

scholarly journals Correlative nanophotonic approaches to enlighten the nanoscale dynamics of living cell membranes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamina M. Winkler ◽  
María F. García-Parajo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution

Dynamic compartmentalization is a prevailing principle regulating the spatiotemporal organization of the living cell membrane from the nano- up to the mesoscale. This non-arbitrary organization is intricately linked to cell function. On living cell membranes, dynamic domains or ‘membrane rafts' enriched with cholesterol, sphingolipids and other certain proteins exist at the nanoscale serving as signaling and sorting platforms. Moreover, it has been postulated that other local organizers of the cell membrane such as intrinsic protein interactions, the extracellular matrix and/or the actin cytoskeleton synergize with rafts to provide spatiotemporal hierarchy to the membrane. Elucidating the intricate coupling of multiple spatial and temporal scales requires the application of correlative techniques, with a particular need for simultaneous nanometer spatial precision and microsecond temporal resolution. Here, we review novel fluorescence-based techniques that readily allow to decode nanoscale membrane dynamics with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution and single-molecule sensitivity. We particularly focus on correlative approaches from the field of nanophotonics. Notably, we introduce a versatile planar nanoantenna platform combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to study spatiotemporal heterogeneities on living cell membranes at the nano- up to the mesoscale. Finally, we outline remaining future technological challenges and comment on potential directions to advance our understanding of cell membrane dynamics under the influence of the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix in uttermost detail.

HIERARCHIES IN CONTROL

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. JENSEN ◽  
A.A. VAN DER GUGTEN ◽  
M. BIER ◽  
W.C. VAN HEESWIJK ◽  
J. ROHWER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Living Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Biophysical Processes ◽  
Viable System ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Enormous Number

The living cell functions by virtue of an enormous number of different processes. It is one of the most difficult challenges of modern biology to elucidate how all those processes are coordinated quantitatively so as to lead to a viable system with optimal responses to various changes in the environment. The biochemical and biophysical processes of the living cell do not constitute a network with random connections. In this paper we shall discuss that cell function is organized in hierarchical substructures. We will briefly touch on the topics of (i) metabolic control and regulated gene expression, (ii) time dependent metabolism in intact yeast cells, and (iii) metabolite channelling.

scholarly journals More than just a barrier: using physical models to couple membrane shape to cell function

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Frey ◽  
Timon Idema
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Membrane Shape

Physical models can help us to infer, from the shape of the outer membrane, which biological processes happen inside the living cell.

Solving the mechanisms responsible for organelle behavior in vivo by same-cell correlative light and electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Conly L. Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Positive Identification ◽  
Cellular Components

The behavior of many cellular components, and their dynamic interactions, can be characterized in the living cell with considerable spatial and temporal resolution by video-enhanced light microscopy (video-LM). Indeed, under the appropriate conditions video-LM can be used to determine the real-time behavior of organelles ≤ 25-nm in diameter (e.g., individual microtubules—see). However, when pushed to its limit the structures and components observed within the cell by video-LM cannot be resolved nor necessarily even identified, only detected. Positive identification and a quantitative analysis often requires the corresponding electron microcopy (EM).

Freeze-substitution of rye grass and ragweed pollen grains

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Liza B. Martinez ◽  
Susan M. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Cold Embedding ◽  
Structural Preservation

Rapid freezing and freeze-substitution have been employed as alternatives to chemical fixation because of the improved structural preservation obtained in various cell types. This has been attributed to biomolecular immobilization derived from the extremely rapid arrest of cell function. These methods allow the elimination of conventionally used fixatives, which may have denaturing or “masking” effects on proteins. Thus, this makes them ideal techniques for immunocytochemistry, in which preservation of both ultrastructure and antigenicity are important. These procedures are also compatible with cold embedding acrylic resins which are known to increase sensitivity in immunolabelling.This study reveals how rapid freezing and freeze-substitution may prove to be useful in the study of the mobile allergenic proteins of rye grass and ragweed. Most studies have relied on the use of osmium tetroxide to achieve the necessary ultrastructural detail in pollen whereas those that omitted it have had to contend with poor overall preservation.

Confocal imaging of calcium in intact ventricular muscle provides a new view of excitation-contraction coupling

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
W.G. Wier
Keyword(s):  
Local Control ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Heart Cell ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Heart Cells

A fundamentally new understanding of cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling is being developed from recent experimental work using confocal microscopy of single isolated heart cells. In particular, the transient change in intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i transient) that activates muscle contraction is now viewed as resulting from the spatial and temporal summation of small (∼ 8 μm3), subcellular, stereotyped ‘local [Ca2+]i-transients' or, as they have been called, ‘calcium sparks'. This new understanding may be called ‘local control of E-C coupling'. The relevance to normal heart cell function of ‘local control, theory and the recent confocal data on spontaneous Ca2+ ‘sparks', and on electrically evoked local [Ca2+]i-transients has been unknown however, because the previous studies were all conducted on slack, internally perfused, single, enzymatically dissociated cardiac cells, at room temperature, usually with Cs+ replacing K+, and often in the presence of Ca2-channel blockers. The present work was undertaken to establish whether or not the concepts derived from these studies are in fact relevant to normal cardiac tissue under physiological conditions, by attempting to record local [Ca2+]i-transients, sparks (and Ca2+ waves) in intact, multi-cellular cardiac tissue.

Adipokines as key players in β cell function and failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2317-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Banoy ◽  
James C. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

Abstract The growing prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2D), has increased the interest in adipose tissue (AT) and its role as a principal metabolic orchestrator. Two decades of research have now shown that ATs act as an endocrine organ, secreting soluble factors termed adipocytokines or adipokines. These adipokines play crucial roles in whole-body metabolism with different mechanisms of action largely dependent on the tissue or cell type they are acting on. The pancreatic β cell, a key regulator of glucose metabolism due to its ability to produce and secrete insulin, has been identified as a target for several adipokines. This review will focus on how adipokines affect pancreatic β cell function and their impact on pancreatic β cell survival in disease contexts such as diabetes. Initially, the “classic” adipokines will be discussed, followed by novel secreted adipocyte-specific factors that show therapeutic promise in regulating the adipose–pancreatic β cell axis.

Suppressor cell function in psoriasis

1980 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Suader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Suppressor Cell

Positive effects of glucocorticoids on T cell function and development by upregulation of interleukin-7 receptor α

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A314-A315
Author(s):  
D FRANCHIMONT ◽  
J GALON ◽  
M VACCHIO ◽  
R VISCONTI ◽  
G CHROUSOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
T Cell Function
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