Persistence of Pesticides in Orchards and Orchard Soils

1966 ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. TERRIERE ◽  
ULO KIIGEMAGI ◽  
R. W. ZWICK ◽  
P. H. WESTIGARD
Keyword(s):  
Orchard Soils

Persistence of DDT in orchard soils

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulo Kiigemagi ◽  
L. C. Terriere
Keyword(s):  
Orchard Soils

The role of nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and abiotic factors in the etiology of apple replant problems in the Granite Belt of Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Dullahide ◽  
GR Stirling ◽  
A Nikulin ◽  
AM Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Granite Belt ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Orchard Soils ◽  
Fusarium Tricinctum

Investigations of apple replant failure in the Granite Belt suggested that the problem had a complex etiology. Soil fertility was an important factor because apple seedlings grew best in replant soils with high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Consistent improvements in the growth of apple seedlings were obtained when typical orchard soils were treated with fenamiphos, confirming that lesion nematode was also an important component of the disease complex. Pratylenchus penetrans had been recognised as a pathogen of apples, and pathogenicity tests showed that P. jordanensis, another species widely distributed in the Granite Belt, had similar effects. Growth responses of apple seedlings were greater when soil was pasteurised than when it was treated with fenamiphos, suggesting that root pathogens other than nematodes were involved in apple replant failure. However, the primary cause probably differed between orchards because soils did not respond in the same manner to pasteurisation and nematicide treatments. Pathogenicity tests with 14 bacteria associated with apple roots showed no effect on the growth of apple seedlings. However, Fusarium tricinctum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, and Pythium sp. were implicated in the problem because they were consistently recovered from discoloured roots. In a factorial experiment involving nematodes and fungi in pots, P. jordanensis, P. penetrans, E. tricinctum, and C. destructans reduced the dry weight of apple roots but there was no interaction between nematodes and fungi.

Antimony Impurity in Lead Arsenate Insecticide Enhances the Antimony Content of Old Orchard Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Wagner ◽  
Frank J. Peryea ◽  
Royston A. Filby
Keyword(s):  
Antimony Content ◽  
Lead Arsenate ◽  
Antimony Impurity ◽  
Orchard Soils

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Physical Conditions on Emission of Allyl Isothiocyanate and Subsequent Microbial Inhibition in Response to Brassicaceae Seed Meal Amendment

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Likun Wang ◽  
Mark Mazzola
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Soilborne Disease ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Orchard Soils

Generation of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) in soil treated with residues of specific Brassicaceae species yields direct and indirect suppression of soilborne plant pathogens. Soil physical conditions demonstrably affected the quantity of AITC generated in response to soil incorporation of a Brassica juncea/Sinapis alba seed meal (SM) formulation. The concentration of AITC generated in SM-amended soil increased with an increase in temperature from 10 to 30°C. AITC emission was also elevated with an increase in soil water potential from −1,000 kPa through −40 kPa; however, a significant decrease in AITC emission was observed in a saturated soil environment (0 kPa). Peak AITC emission was obtained 2 to 3 h after SM amendment under optimal conditions but the peak was delayed in soils incubated at low temperature or in extreme moisture environments. Although AITC production varied significantly across different orchard soils, all three orchard soils yielded the same pattern of AITC release in response to SM amendment over the spectrum of soil water potentials examined in this study. Mycelial growth inhibition in fungi and oomycetes isolated from apple roots was dependent on both AITC concentration and exposure time. Pythium ultimum exhibited sensitivity to AITC at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.22 µg g−1 of soil, whereas Hypocrea lixii was insensitive to AITC. Exposure to AITC at a concentration of 0.22 µg g−1 of soil for a period of 2 h restricted hyphal growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG-5, Ilyonectria destructans, and Mortierella alpina. R. solani AG-5 exhibited significant growth inhibition when incubated at AITC concentrations of 0.008 to 0.011 µg g−1 of soil for 10 h. These findings provide information that will be useful in the management of appropriate soil variables to obtain optimal yields of AITC in response to SM soil amendments and indicate that a standard soil moisture prescription may be suitable for use when applying this SM formulation for soilborne disease control.

Carbon Sequestration in Kiwifruit Orchard Soils at Depth to Mitigate Carbon Emissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allister Holmes ◽  
Karin Müller ◽  
Brent Clothier ◽  
Markus Deurer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Orchard Soils
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