scholarly journals Water Desalination Using Capacitive Deionization with Microporous Carbon Electrodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1194-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Porada ◽  
L. Weinstein ◽  
R. Dash ◽  
A. van der Wal ◽  
M. Bryjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microporous Carbon ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization

scholarly journals Diffusion-bonded CNT carpets for fundamental CDI studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Enright ◽  
R. Mitchell ◽  
H. Mutha ◽  
C. Lv ◽  
M. Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Multi Scale

ABSTRACTUncertainty about future energy and water supplies suggests a pressing need to develop efficient technologies for water desalination. Capacitive deionization (CDI), a method that captures ions in the electrical double layer (EDL) of an electrochemical capacitor, is a promising technology that can potentially fulfill those requirements. Similar to supercapacitors, ideal CDI electrodes should have a large electrolyte-accessible specific surface area available for ion adsorption with rapid charging/discharging characteristics. Unlike supercapacitors, CDI electrodes are required to operate in aqueous electrolytes with low ionic concentrations in a non-linear charging regime. To explore this practically and theoretically important regime, we developed robust, electrochemically-compatible carbon nanotube (CNT) carpet electrodes that posses a well-defined and uniform pore structure that is more readily analyzed in comparison to the random and multi-scale pore structure of typical carbon electrodes. The fabricated electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic charging in aqueous NaCl solutions (no = 20 - 90 mM) using a three electrode setup. Examination of the CV and potentiostatically-measured capacitances were consistent with EDL behavior dictated by the Stern layer. However, some deviations from the expected behavior were observed with increasing salt concentration during potentiostatic testing.

High-performance water desalination of heteroatom nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped open hollow tubular porous carbon electrodes via capacitive deionization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3359-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yajing Huang ◽  
Dehua Xia ◽  
Lingling Hu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tubular Structure ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Porous Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Promising Electrode Material

Heteroatom nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped porous carbon with a unique open hollow tubular structure is a promising electrode material for water desalination in CDI systems.

scholarly journals Attractive forces in microporous carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1365-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Biesheuvel ◽  
S. Porada ◽  
M. Levi ◽  
M. Z. Bazant
Keyword(s):  
Microporous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization

scholarly journals Biomorphic microchanneled electrodes for enhanced water desalination through capacitive deionization

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline O. Brotto ◽  
Natan Padoin ◽  
Carlos R. Rambo ◽  
Cíntia Soares
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Simulated Seawater ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This work reports the preparation of rattan-derived carbon electrodes and their application in capacitive deionization technology for desalination. Desalination tests were performed with different concentrations of simulated seawater in a continuous mode with gravity as the driving force and applied voltages of 0.8 and 1.2 V. Electrosorption kinetics were performed to verify desalination of the saline solutions over time. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microstructure of the biomorphic carbon is composed of porous microchannels with diameters of around 300 mm, which allowed both fluid flow and ion retention. The kinetics of the electrosorption presented excellent results concerning desalination of highly concentrated solutions using low voltages.

scholarly journals Long-lasting, monovalent-selective capacitive deionization electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Guyes ◽  
Amit N. Shocron ◽  
Yinke Chen ◽  
Charles E. Diesendruck ◽  
Matthew E. Suss
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Porous Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Monovalent Ion ◽  
Direct Use

AbstractEmerging water purification applications often require tunable and ion-selective technologies. For example, when treating water for direct use in irrigation, often monovalent Na+ must be removed preferentially over divalent minerals, such as Ca2+, to reduce both ionic conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Conventional membrane-based water treatment technologies are either largely non-selective or not dynamically tunable. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging membraneless technology that employs inexpensive and widely available activated carbon electrodes as the active element. We here show that a CDI cell leveraging sulfonated cathodes can deliver long-lasting, tunable monovalent ion selectivity. For feedwaters containing Na+ and Ca2+, our cell achieves a Na+/Ca2+ separation factor of up to 1.6. To demonstrate the cell longevity, we show that monovalent selectivity is retained over 1000 charge–discharge cycles, the highest cycle life achieved for a membraneless CDI cell with porous carbon electrodes to our knowledge, while requiring an energy consumption of ~0.38 kWh/m3 of treated water. Furthermore, we show substantial and simultaneous reductions of ionic conductivity and SAR, such as from 1.75 to 0.69 mS/cm and 19.8 to 13.3, respectively, demonstrating the potential of such a system towards single-step water treatment of brackish and wastewaters for direct use in irrigation.

Influence of thermal treatment conditions on capacitive deionization performance and charge efficiency of carbon electrodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutfi Agartan ◽  
Bilen Akuzum ◽  
Tyler Mathis ◽  
Kurtay Ergenekon ◽  
Ertan Agar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Treatment Conditions
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document