Water Desalination Using Carbon-Nanotube-Enhanced Membrane Distillation

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Gethard ◽  
Ornthida Sae-Khow ◽  
Somenath Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination

scholarly journals Carbon nanotube based composite membranes for water desalination by membrane distillation

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Dumée ◽  
Kallista Sears ◽  
Jü rg Schü tz ◽  
Niall Finn ◽  
Mikel Duke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination

scholarly journals Capillary Polypropylene Membranes for Membrane Distillation

Fibers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gryta
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Porous Membranes ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Thermally Induced

Only nonwetted porous membranes can be used in membrane distillation. The possibility of application in this process the capillary polypropylene membranes manufactured by thermally-induced phase separation was studied. The performance of a few types of membranes available commercially was presented. The resistance of the membranes to wetting was tested in the continuous process of water desalination. These studies were carried out for 1000 h without module cleaning. The presence of scaling layer on the membranes surface was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope observations. Both the permeate flux and distillate conductivity were almost not varied after the studied period of time, what indicates that the used membranes maintained their nonwettability, and the negative influence of scaling was limited. The role of surface porosity on the pore wetting and influence of membrane wettability on the quality of the distillate obtained were discussed.

scholarly journals Performance Investigation of O-Ring Vacuum Membrane Distillation Module for Water Desalination

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Alhathal Alanezi ◽  
H. Abdallah ◽  
E. El-Zanati ◽  
Adnan Ahmad ◽  
Adel O. Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Membrane Module ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Vacuum Degree ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Vacuum Membrane Distillation ◽  
Feed Temperature

A new O-ring flat sheet membrane module design was used to investigate the performance of Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) for water desalination using two commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet hydrophobic membranes. The design of the membrane module proved its applicability for achieving a high heat transfer coefficient of the order of 103 (W/m2 K) and a high Reynolds number (Re). VMD experiments were conducted to measure the heat and mass transfer coefficients within the membrane module. The effects of the process parameters, such as the feed temperature, feed flow rate, vacuum degree, and feed concentration, on the permeate flux have been investigated. The feed temperature, feed flow rate, and vacuum degree play an important role in enhancing the performance of the VMD process; therefore, optimizing all of these parameters is the best way to achieve a high permeate flux. The PTFE membrane showed better performance than the PVDF membrane in VMD desalination. The obtained water flux is relatively high compared to that reported in the literature, reaching 43.8 and 52.6 (kg/m2 h) for PVDF and PTFE, respectively. The salt rejection of NaCl was higher than 99% for both membranes.

scholarly journals Highly Saline Water Desalination Using Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD): Experimental and Simulation Study

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor A. Mohammad Ameen ◽  
Salah S. Ibrahim ◽  
Qusay F. Alsalhy ◽  
Alberto Figoli
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
System Of Nonlinear Equations ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

The path for water molecules transported across a membrane in real porous membranes has been considered to be a constant factor in the membrane distillation (MD) process (i.e., constant tortuosity); as such, its effect on membrane performance at various operating conditions has been ignored by researchers. Therefore, a simultaneous heat and mass transfer model throughout the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) module was developed in this study by taking into account the hypothetical path across the membrane as a variable factor within the operating conditions because it exhibits the changes to the mass transfer resistance across the membrane under the DCMD run. The DCMD process was described by the developed model using a system of nonlinear equations and solved numerically by MATLAB software. The performance of the poly-tetra-fluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane was examined to treat 200 g/L NaCl saline at various operating conditions. The simulation results in the present work showed that the hypothetical proposed path across the membrane has a variable value and was affected by changing the feed temperature and feed concentration. The results estimated by the developed model showed an excellent conformity with the experimental results. The salt rejection remained high (greater than 99.9%) in all cases. The temperature polarization coefficient for the DCMD ranged between 0.88 and 0.967, and the gain output ratio (GOR) was 0.893. The maximum thermal efficiency of the system was 84.5%.

A research on water desalination using membrane distillation

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2618-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Nakoa ◽  
Abhijit Date ◽  
Aliakbar Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination

Membrane Distillation Desalination System With Gap Circulation and Cooling Using a Built-in Heat Exchanger

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atia E. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Feed Temperature

Abstract A comprehensive experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the performance of a new flux-enhanced compact water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) module design with gap circulation and cooling for water desalination. The new design uses a separate circulation loop to circulate the gap water, and a built-in heat exchanger coil implanted inside the coolant stream channel for cooling the circulated gap water. The WGMD modules with circulation and with circulation and cooling are compared with conventional WGMD without circulation. Variations of distillate flux, temperatures, and energy consumption are presented at different design operating conditions. Circulation and cooling of the gap water greatly enhance the output flux due to gap water motion and increase the temperature difference between membrane surfaces. However, the enhancement in flux was achieved at the expense of energy consumption. Circulation and cooling of gap water are more effective with bigger gap widths. Feed flowrate showed significant effects with gap water circulation and cooling. The electrical specific energy consumption (SEC) showed the best value of 7.9 and 8.8 kWh/m3 at a feed temperature of 70 °C for both conventional WGMD and WGMD with circulation modules, while the best value of SEC for the WGMD module with gap circulation and cooling was 9.4 kWh/m3 at a feed temperature of 80 °C.

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