Predicting Reactions to Psychedelic Drugs: A Systematic Review of States and Traits Related to Acute Drug Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Aday ◽  
Alan K. Davis ◽  
Cayla M. Mitzkovitz ◽  
Emily K. Bloesch ◽  
Christopher C. Davoli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs

scholarly journals Systematic review of drug effects in humans and models with surfactant-processing disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (149) ◽  
pp. 170135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dymph Klay ◽  
Thijs W. Hoffman ◽  
Ankie M. Harmsze ◽  
Jan C. Grutters ◽  
Coline H.M. van Moorsel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome ◽  
Phenylbutyric Acid ◽  
Optimal Treatment Strategy

Fibrotic interstitial pneumonias are a group of rare diseases characterised by distortion of lung interstitium. Patients with mutations in surfactant-processing genes, such as surfactant protein C (SFTPC), surfactant protein A1 and A2 (SFTPA1andA2), ATP binding cassette A3 (ABCA3) and Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS1,2and4), develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis, often culminating in fatal respiratory insufficiency. Although many mutations have been described, little is known about the optimal treatment strategy for fibrotic interstitial pneumonia patients with surfactant-processing mutations.We performed a systematic literature review of studies that described a drug effect in patients, cell or mouse models with a surfactant-processing mutation. In total, 73 articles were selected, consisting of 55 interstitial lung disease case reports/series, two clinical trials and 16 cell or mouse studies. Clinical effect parameters included lung function, radiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, while experimental outcome parameters included chemokine/cytokine expression, surfactant trafficking, necrosis and apoptosis. SP600125, a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine and 4-phenylbutyric acid were most frequently studied in disease models and lead to variable outcomes, suggesting that outcome is mutation dependent.This systematic review summarises effect parameters for future studies on surfactant-processing disorders in disease models and provides directions for future trials in affected patients.

scholarly journals The Validity of Drug Effects on Proteinuria, Albuminuria, Serum Creatinine, and Estimated GFR as Surrogate End Points for ESKD: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suetonia C. Palmer ◽  
Marinella Ruospo ◽  
Armando Teixeira-Pinto ◽  
Jonathan C. Craig ◽  
Petra Macaskill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Estimated Gfr ◽  
End Points

scholarly journals Dopaminergic modulation of reward discounting in healthy rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime J. Castrellon ◽  
James Meade ◽  
Lucy Greenwald ◽  
Katlyn Hurst ◽  
Gregory R. Samanez-Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Dopaminergic Modulation ◽  
Rat Strain

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have suggested that pharmacological alteration of the dopamine (DA) system modulates reward discounting, these studies have produced inconsistent findings. Here, we conducted a systematic review and pre-registered meta-analysis to evaluate DA drug-mediated effects on reward discounting of time, probability, and effort costs in studies of healthy rats. This produced a total of 1,343 articles to screen for inclusion/exclusion. From the literature, we identified 117 effects from approximately 1,549 individual rats. Using random-effects with maximum-likelihood estimation, we meta-analyzed placebo-controlled drug effects for (1) DA D1-like receptor agonists and (2) antagonists, (3) D2-like agonists and (4) antagonists, and (5) DA transporter-modulating drugs. Meta-analytic effects showed that DAT-modulating drugs decreased reward discounting. While D1-like and D2-like antagonists both increased discounting, agonist drugs for those receptors had no significant effect on discounting behavior. A number of these effects appear contingent on study design features like cost type, rat strain, and microinfusion location. These findings suggest a nuanced relationship between DA and discounting behavior and urge caution when drawing generalizations about the effects of pharmacologically manipulating dopamine on reward-based decision making.

scholarly journals Searching for Adverse Effects in MEDLINE and EMBASE Requires a Combined Approach for Efficient Retrieval

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Marcy L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Drug Names ◽  
Final Approach ◽  
Search Filters ◽  
The Uk

A review of: Golder, Su, Heather M. McIntosh, Steve Duffy, and Julie Glanville. “Developing Efficient Search Strategies to Identify Reports of Adverse Effects in MEDLINE and EMBASE.” Health Information & Libraries Journal 23.1 (Mar. 2006): 3-12. Objective – To assess the sensitivity and precision of various search strategies for retrieving adverse effects studies from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Design – Analytical survey. Subjects – A case study using a recently published systematic review of the effectiveness and adverse effects of seven new anti-epileptic drugs. Setting – MEDLINE and EMBASE searches performed by researchers at the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and the UK Cochrane Centre Search Filters Design Group at the University of York, UK. Methods – Five key approaches to searching were defined. The first approach used either text words or controlled vocabulary to search for specific adverse effects. The second used subheadings or qualifiers either attached to drug names found in the controlled vocabulary (approach 2a) or ‘floating’ without drug names (approach 2b). The third approach used text words as synonyms for the phrase ‘adverse effects.’ The fourth used controlled indexing terms for adverse effects. The fifth and final approach used two published search strategies incorporating study design (Badgett et al., Loke et al.). These five approaches were used to search for studies of the adverse effects of seven new anti-epileptic drugs. 5,011 unique papers were retrieved. Of these, 236 were judged potentially relevant and 225 full text articles were obtained. The inclusion criteria from a previously published systematic review (Wilby et al.) were applied to the papers, and 79 met the criteria. Five papers were added to the set after being identified from reference lists, clinical experts, and other sources. This new set of 84 studies was used as a quasi gold standard (QGS) against which more than 300 combinations of the five approaches could be tested. To create the set of possible approaches, the researchers combined search strategies one through four in all possible ways, and used all available subheading combinations from 2a and 2b. The Badgett and Loke searches were tested separately. Main Results – Sensitivity and precision were determined for each combination. Formulas used to calculate sensitivity and precision were provided. In MEDLINE, search strategies using floating subheadings achieved the highest sensitivity. The most useful single subheading in both MEDLINE and EMBASE was “adverse effects,” with 79.1% and 79.5% sensitivity respectively. Of the more than 300 combinations tested, the most sensitive combination in MEDLINE included specified adverse effects in combination with the floating subheadings “adverse effects,” “complications,” and “drug effects,” together with text words for adverse effects. This strategy had 97.0% sensitivity, but low precision at 2.8%. The highest precision was achieved by using subheadings attached to drug indexing terms. In EMBASE, the strategy of Loke et al. provided the highest sensitivity at 86.3% and precision of 2.0%. Since researchers are not likely to know in advance all of the reported adverse effects of a particular drug therapy, the most sensitive strategies without specific adverse events were also identified. The search with the highest sensitivity in MEDLINE had 95.5% sensitivity, and 97.3% sensitivity in EMBASE. Conclusion – Searching for adverse effects requires a combination of approaches in both MEDLINE and EMBASE. In MEDLINE, the most sensitive combination yielded 97.0% sensitivity. Regardless of the approach used, precision remains low. An effective generic search filter for adverse effects searches may not yet be feasible. More research is needed on search strategies, as well as more consistent methods of reporting and indexing adverse effects.

scholarly journals Nintedanib, Pirfenidone and Pirfenidone Versus Nintedanib: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Pitre ◽  
Renata Husnudinov ◽  
Muhammad Faran Khalid ◽  
Melanie C. Zhang ◽  
Sonya Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a poor overall prognosis. Only nintedanib and pirfenidone have been shown to reduce mortality. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of nintedanib, pirfenidone, and pirfenidone vs nintedanib on patient important outcomes. Methods: Randomized trials were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE. The primary outcome was mortality. The secondary outcomes included change in FVC, acute exacerbations and hospitalizations and adverse drug effects leading to discontinuation. We used an inverse variance random effects meta-analysis method to calculate pooled relative risk (RR), standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD).Results: A total of 13 studies were included. Both nintedanib [RR 0.63 (0.47,0.85); moderate certainty] and pirfenidone [RR 0.68 (0.47,0.99); moderate certainty] probably reduce all-cause mortality when compared to placebo, but only nintedanib [SMD 0.47 (0.34, 0.60); high certainty] reduces change in FVC. Nintedanib [RR 0.69 (0.48,0.99); moderate certainty],but not pirfenidone probably reduces acute exacerbations or hospitalizations compared to placebo. Compared with placebo, neither nintedanib nor pirfenidone increased risk of drug discontinuation due to adverse effect but there is probably risk of patient drug discontinuation with pirfenidone compared to nintedanib [RR 4.34 (1.72 to 10.98); moderate certainty].Conclusion: Both nintedanib and pirfenidone probably reduce all-cause mortality. Nintedanib is probably more tolerable to pirfenidone in regard to compliance and may be more effective than pirfenidone in reducing mortality rate and in slowing disease progression. Larger head to head randomized trials are needed.

Early Restrictions on Drug Speech, 1900–1956

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Siff
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World War I ◽  
News Media ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter discusses the media's contribution to America's naiveté about illegal drugs—heroin, cocaine, marijuana—and drug effects before psychedelic drugs were introduced. Until the 1960s, pressure from U.S. government agencies and industry self-regulation discouraged information about drug use in television and film. Government officials and prohibition ideologues played determinative roles in setting a news-media agenda that was hostile toward drug use and drug users, and omitted acknowledgment of drugs' potentially enticing effects. Themes about drug use that were initially raised in antinarcotics crusades following World War I were revived in the 1950s by public officials in highly publicized hearings reported by newspapers and covered live in broadcast media.

Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Aday ◽  
Cayla M. Mitzkovitz ◽  
Emily K. Bloesch ◽  
Christopher C. Davoli ◽  
Alan K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs

scholarly journals A systematic review of the effects of psychiatric medications on social cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Haime ◽  
Andrew J. Watson ◽  
Nadia Crellin ◽  
Louise Marston ◽  
Eileen Joyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Social cognition is an important area of mental functioning relevant to psychiatric disorders and social functioning, that may be affected by psychiatric drug treatments. The aim of this review was to investigate the effects of medications with sedative properties, on social cognition. Method This systematic review included experimental and neuroimaging studies investigating drug effects on social cognition. Data quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist (Trac et al. CMAJ 188: E120-E129, 2016). The review used narrative synthesis to analyse the data. Results 40 papers were identified for inclusion, 11 papers investigating benzodiazepine effects, and 29 investigating antipsychotic effects, on social cognition. Narrative synthesis showed that diazepam impairs healthy volunteer’s emotion recognition, with supporting neuroimaging studies showing benzodiazepines attenuate amygdala activity. Studies of antipsychotic effects on social cognition gave variable results. However, many of these studies were in patients already taking medication, and potential practice effects were identified due to short-term follow-ups. Conclusion Healthy volunteer studies suggest that diazepam reduces emotional processing ability. The effects of benzodiazepines on other aspects of social cognition, as well as the effects of antipsychotics, remain unclear. Interpretations of the papers in this review were limited by variability in measures, small sample sizes, and lack of randomisation. More robust studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of these medications on social cognition.

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