scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Capacity of Mallotus repandus Ethyl Acetate Stem Extract against d-Galactosamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 6523-6531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milon Mondal ◽  
Md. Monir Hossain ◽  
Md. Rakib Hasan ◽  
Md. Towhidul Islam Tarun ◽  
Md. Al Foyjul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Mallotus Repandus

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant capacity ofTabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. Fruits and branches

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 881-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA PIANA ◽  
ALINE A. BOLIGON ◽  
THIELE F. DE BRUM ◽  
MARINA ZADRA ◽  
BIANCA V. BELKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dpph Method

The antioxidant capacity of the crude extract and fractions ofTabernaemontana catharinensis fruits and branches, was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and condensed tannins were determined by the spectrophotometric method. The ethyl acetate fraction of the fruits and the n-butanol fraction of the branches showed IC50 of 181.82 µg/mL and 78.19 µg/mL, respectively. All fractions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in the branches were quantified chlorogenic acid in the chloroform (8.96 mg/g), ethyl acetate (4.31 mg/g) and n-butanol (3.33 mg/g) fractions; caffeic acid in the ethyl acetate (5.24 mg/g) and n-butanol (1.81 mg/g); gallic acid (0.52 mg/g) in the n-butanol. In the fruits, chlorogenic acid in the chloroform (1.67 mg/g); rutin in the ethyl acetate (3.45 mg/g) and n-butanol (8.98 mg/g) fractions. The present study showed that these quantified compounds can contribute to antioxidant capacity which was higher in the branches than in the fruits.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Tabernaemontana catharinensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline A. Boligon ◽  
Mariana Piana ◽  
Thiago G. Schawnz ◽  
Romaiana P. Pereira ◽  
João B. T. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Effective Agent

In this study we evaluated the composition of the crude extract and fractions of Tabernaemontana catharinensis (Apocynaceae) by HPLC/DAD and GC/MS. We also tested the antioxidant capacity and investigated the contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids of T. catharinensis stem bark. The extract and fractions showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), in the following order: ethyl acetate (IC50 = 4.7 ± 0.2 μg/mL) > dichloromethane (23.9 ± 1.1 μg/mL) > n-butanolic (25.2 ± 0.4 μg/mL) > crude extract (38.0 ± 0.07 μg/mL). Moreover, the DPPH assay, presented IC50 values ranged from 5.6 ± 0.6 to 30.3 ± 1.3 μg/mL. Contents of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids of T. catharinensis followed the order: ethyl acetate > n-butanolic > dichloromethane fractions > crude extract. HPLC/DAD analyses indicated that gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and rutin, quercetin and kaempferol are components of the species. Taken together, the results suggest that T. catharinensis could be considered an effective agent in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EMERGING METHODS ON THE POLYPHENOL CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND QUALITATIVE PRESENCE OF ACETOGENINS IN SOURSOP PULP (Annona muricata L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS ELOY LEÓN FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
EVA NOEMÍ OBLEDO-VÁZQUEZ ◽  
MARIA DE LOS ANGELES VIVAR-VERA ◽  
SONIA GUADALUPE SÁYAGO AYERDI ◽  
EFIGENIA MONTALVO-GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to obtain extracts from soursop pulp that were obtained with different solvents (chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate and water) and different extraction methods (soxhlet, sonication and microwave), and analysed their extractable polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity and qualitative presence of acetogenins. The most efficient extraction method to obtain extractable polyphenols with high values of scavenging capacity by DPPH was sonication followed by microwave when methanol was used. The acetogenins were detected only in chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts obtained by the three extraction methods. Sonication or microwave was effective to obtain acetogenins or phenolic extracts in greater quantity than reported in soursop pulp, in a short time and few solvent.

Antioxidant capacity and identification of the constituents of ethyl acetate fraction from Rhus verniciflua Stokes by HPLC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. 1573-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Chen ◽  
Chengzhang Wang ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Jianzhong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Rhus Verniciflua Stokes ◽  
Rhus Verniciflua

scholarly journals Caralluma tuberculata N.E.Br Manifests Extraction Medium Reliant Disparity in Phytochemical and Pharmacological Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7530
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waleed Baig ◽  
Madiha Ahmed ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
Bakht Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Distilled Water

Solubility of phytoconstituents depends on the polarity of the extraction medium used, which might result in the different pharmacological responses of extracts. In line with this, ethnomedicinally important food plant (i.e., Caralluma tuberculata extracts) have been made in fourteen distinct solvent systems that were then analyzed phytochemically via total phenolic amount estimation, total flavonoid amount estimation, and HPLC detection and quantification of the selected polyphenols. Test extracts were then subjected to a battery of in vitro assays i.e., antioxidants (DDPH scavenging, antioxidant capacity, and reducing power estimation), antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial), cytotoxic (brine shrimps, THP-1 human leukemia cell lines and normal lymphocytes), and protein kinase inhibition assays. Maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were computed in distilled water–acetone and acetone extracts (i.e., 16 ± 1 μg/mg extract and 8 ± 0.4/mg extract, respectively). HPLC-DAD quantified rutin (0.58 µg/mg extract) and gallic acid (0.4 µg/mg extract) in methanol–ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. Water–acetone extract exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging of 36 ± 1%. Total reducing potential of 76.0 ± 1 μg/mg extract was shown by ethanol chloroform while maximum total antioxidant capacity was depicted by the acetone extract (92.21 ± 0.70 μg/mg extract). Maximal antifungal effect against Mucor spp., antileishmanial, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, THP-1 cell line cytotoxicity, and protein kinase inhibitory activities were shown by ethyl acetate-methanol (MIC: 50 µg/disc), n-hexane (IC50: 120.8 ± 3.7 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (LD50: 29.94 ± 1.6 µg/mL), distilled water–acetone (IC50: 118 ± 3.4 µg/mL) and methanol–chloroform (ZOI: 19 ± 1 mm) extracts, respectively. Our findings show the dependency of phytochemicals and bioactivities on the polarity of the extraction solvent and our preliminary screening suggests the C. tuberculata extract formulations to be tested and used in different ailments, however, detailed studies remain necessary for corroboration with our results.

scholarly journals The presence of endophytic actinobacteria in mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana) and its antioxidant activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fily Larasati ◽  
IRMANIDA BATUBARA ◽  
YULIN LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
Endophytic Actinobacteria

Abstract. Larasati F, Batubara I, Lestari Y. 2020. The presence of endophytic actinobacteria in mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) and its antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 21: 1488-1497. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a family member of Clusiaceae which is rich in secondary metabolite compounds that can function as antioxidants. Besides being produced by its host plant, the bioactive compounds can also be produced by endophytic actinobacteria. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of endophytic actinobacteria from mangosteen peel and determine its antioxidant activity. The actinobacteria were isolated, purified, morphologically characterized, molecularly identified, extracted with ethyl acetate and tested for antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activity was assayed using DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods. The components of extracts were separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and bioautography was done to determine the antioxidant bands. As a result, five isolates of endophytic actinobacteria in mangosteen peel showed to have difference in aerial mycelium color, substrate mycelium color, and types of spore chains. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, AGM3.2 isolate showed similarity with Streptomyces griseochromogenes ATCC 14511 (T) 99.06%. AGM3.1 had similarity with Streptomyces osmaniensis OU-63 (T) 98.35%. Meanwhile, AGM2.3 were similar to Streptomyces xanthophaeus NBRC B-5414 (T) 99.82%, AGM2.2 had similarity with Streptomyces xanthophaeus NBRC B-5414 (T) 98.95%. In addition, AGM2.1 has homology with Streptomyces goshikiensis NBRC 12868 (T) 99.52%. Using both DPPH and ABTS, supernatant of AGM2.1 showed the highest antioxidant activity indicated by 36.96 and 98.80 inhibition, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extract of AGM2.1 was 22.22 μg AEAC/mg extract (DPPH) and 20.34 μg AEAC/mg extract (ABTS). Meanwhile, ethyl acetate extract of mangosteen peel had antioxidant capacity by 21.17 µg AEAC/mg extract (DPPH) and 18.75 µg AEAC/mg extract (ABTS). Antioxidant bioautographic analysis of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract was compared with alpha mangosteen standard. The results showed that alpha mangosteen presence in the mangosteen extract with the same Rf value of 0.64 with standard. Meanwhile, actinobacterial ethyl acetate extract from AGM3.1, AGM2.3, AGM2.2, AGM2.1 each have the same Rf value with the alpha mangosteen standard. However, the spot for alpha mangosteen had dark red color, while spots of the four actinobacterial isolates showed to have blue color indicating different antioxidant compounds. The blue spot indicates the flavone, flavanone, flavonol, and isoflavone. These compounds include a subgroup of flavonoid compounds. Ethyl acetate extract AGM3.2 does not have spot compounds with the same Rf value as the alpha mangosteen standard. Study clearly shows that endophytic actinobacteria from mangosteen peel have potency as antioxidant.

scholarly journals Correlation of Total Polyphenolic Content with Antioxidant Activity of Hydromethanolic Extract and Their Fractions of the Salvia officinalis Leaves from Different Regions of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zakaria Khiya ◽  
Yassine Oualcadi ◽  
Abderrahmane Gamar ◽  
Fatima Berrekhis ◽  
Touria Zair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The purpose of this study is to determine the total content of phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, as well as on the antioxidant activity of the extract, and their fractions were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdate reduction (or total antioxidant capacity), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The hydromethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis showed the highest values of total phenolic (176 mgGAE/g of extract) and condensed tannins (162.53 mgEC/g of extract) from the Boulemane and Khenifra regions, respectively. The results showed that the best DPPH assay was found in the ethyl acetate fraction of Salvia officinalis leaves of the Boulemane region (IC50 = 0.002 mg/ml). For the ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions of Salvia officinalis leaves, those collected from different regions have a better reducing capacity (EC50 = 0.021 mg/ml, respectively). For the total antioxidant capacity, the best activity was found in the aqueous fraction of Salvia officinalis leaves of the Boulemane region (108 mgGAE/g of extract). By the cyclic voltammetry method, hydromethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis leaves from the Boulemane region showed an important result (288.8 mgGAE/g). There was a positive correlation between total phenol content (TPC), condensed tannin content (TCT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (r = 0.932, r = 0.896, respectively). The main compounds that have been identified in the hydromethanolic extract of Salvia officinalis are ascorbic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, tannic acid, and rutin. Due to their antioxidant property, the leaf extracts from Salvia officinalis are used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial studies of Lannea egregia Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) extracts and chromatographic fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-363
Author(s):  
Philip A. Idowu ◽  
Loveth C. Ekemezie ◽  
Charles O. Olaiya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Different Parts

Screening ‘new’ medicinal plants of traditional importance for bioactive components is a sure way of discovering novel therapeutic agents to treat diseases. This study, therefore investigated the presence of phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial components of the extracts of Lannea egregia. Phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the extracts of Lannea egregia was determined by agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The antioxidant capacity of the crude extracts was determined through the evaluation of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl. The phytochemical screening of the different parts of this plant revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, emodins, phlobatannins, anthocyanins, coumarins and phenolics. Phlobatannins was observed to be absent in the stem bark. The crude extracts obtained from the leaves, stem bark and roots of this plant exhibited good antibacterial activity against typed strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from 9.0 to 26.0 mm at 100 mg/mL for all the plant parts. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of this plant possessed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of the range of (3.125 to ˃50 mg/mL) and (12.5 to ˃50 mg/mL) respectively. The zone inhibition of the chromatographic fractions of both plants ranged 15-23 mm. Antioxidant study of the extracts of the leaf of L. egregia revealed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have good antioxidant potentials comparable to that of ascorbic acid control. This study has revealed that the extracts from different parts of L. egregia possess good antibacterial and antioxidant activities which could be a function of the various phytochemicals detected in the plant. Keywords: Lannea egregia, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Column chromatography.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Ducrosia anethifolia in Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy ◽  
Emad Mohamed Abdallah ◽  
Mohamed H. Shiboob ◽  
Suliman Alghanem
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Ducrosia anethifolia (D. anethifolia) is a drought-tolerant plant widely distributed over Arar valley at the Northern region of Saudi Arabia. The aerial parts of this plant were investigated for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract revealed the presence of some major compounds such as 8-Ethoxypsoralen (6.5%), Prangenin (6.26%), Isoaromadendrene epoxide (7.5%), Aromadendrene oxide (0.96%) and Ferulic acid methyl ester (0.46%).  FRAP and DPPH method were used to test the antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate fraction of D. anethifolia, the results revealed the presence of high reduction capacity (EC50 equals 0.63±0.03g/L), compared with the reducing capacity of the standard ascorbic acid and quercetin which were 0.091±0.002 g/L and 0.026±0.002 g/L, respectively.  Moreover, the results of the DPPH test showed that the extract presented a remarkable antioxidant capacity with an IC50 of 0.38±0.02 g/L, This considerable antioxidant capacity is attributed to its richness of some bioactive phytochemical compounds. The antibacterial potential was evaluated by disc-diffusion test, the plant extract was tested on nine different bacterial strains. Results exhibited that, only Gram-positive bacteria recorded good to moderate susceptibility, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49461, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, which recorded 14.5, 14.0, 9.5- and 7.5-mm zone of inhibition, respectively.  In conclusion, the aerial parts of D. anethifolia are rich in some important phytochemical molecules and could be used in the formulation of antioxidant drugs. Whereas, its efficacy against some Gram-positive bacteria only should be studied in-depth. Further studies are also recommended to these phytochemical molecules against various physiological disorders and diseases.

scholarly journals Small laccases as catalysts for the synthesis of antioxidants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Blessing Nemadziva
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Catalysed Oxidation

The rise in antioxidant demand for industrial applications has necessitated the need to investigate new methods for antioxidant production. Conventionally, antioxidants have been used in the food industry. However, newer applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medicine, nano-bioscience, as well as in chemical industries, have contributed to the increase in antioxidant demand. The market for antioxidants has been forecasted to increase by 6.42% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between 2015 and 2022. Therefore, there is now a need to develop new processes for antioxidant synthesis to meet this rising demand. Biocatalysis has gained notable attention as a viable approach for antioxidant synthesis. Laccases are the preferred enzymes since their reaction mechanism involves the use of molecular oxygen to oxidise phenolic compounds to corresponding radicals, with water as the only by-product. Most laccase antioxidant synthesis research has employed fungal and plant laccases. However, bacterial laccases may be promising biocatalysts, considering the advances in molecular technology which make expression in bacterial hosts easier. This study focused on the biotransformation of natural phenolic compounds using small laccase (SLAC), a two-domain bacterial laccase native to Streptomyces coelicolor. Because of the low redox potential of the enzyme, a preliminary substrate screening process was conducted to identify phenolics oxidisable by the SLAC. Caffeic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, catechol, gallic acid, guaiacol, ferulic acid, and pyrogallol were identified as SLAC substrates and further coupling reaction studies were conducted using caffeic acid and gallic acid. Coupling reactions were carried out either in biphasic systems consisting of water-immiscible organic solvents and a buffer system or monophasic systems consisting of miscible organic solvents that form a homogenous phase with the buffer system. Coupling products were monitored using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), purified using preparative TLC and column chromatography, and characterised by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Antioxidant capacity of the oxidation products were investigated by using the 2,2’-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Two oxidation products (one from caffeic acid and another from gallic acid) were successfully produced, purified and characterised. The oxidation product obtained from the SLAC-catalysed oxidation of caffeic acid was identified as a β-β dimer using LC-MS and NMR. When the reaction was carried out at a large-scale, a 32.8% yield of the dimer was achieved. Results showed that optimum yield of the dimer was achieved when the reaction was carried out for 6 h in a biphasic system consisting of 80% ethyl acetate and sodium acetate buffer pH 7.5. The dimer demonstrated superior antioxidant capacity, showing a 1.5- fold increase in DPPH radical scavenging capacity and a 1.8-fold improvement in TEAC. The dimer exhibited several positive physicochemical attributes, including improved solubility properties in aqueous media and remarkable stability in acidic pH (pH 2.2 and pH 5.5). One oxidation product from the SLAC-catalysed oxidation of gallic acid was successfully produced, purified and partially characterised. Optimum yield of gallic acid oxidation product was achieved when the reaction was conducted in a biphasic system consisting of 80% ethyl acetate and Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0, using 0.5 U SLAC and a reaction time of 4 h. However, the oxidation product showed a lower antioxidant capacity than the substrate, as demonstrated by standard antioxidant assays (DPPH and TEAC). In conclusion, two antioxidant products were successfully produced, purified and characterised. Furthermore, selected physicochemical and antioxidant activities were determined. Overall, this study has highlighted the potential of the small laccase as a catalyst for the synthesis of antioxidants.

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