scholarly journals Compact Steam-Methane Reforming for the Production of Hydrogen in Continuous Flow Microreactor Systems

ACS Omega ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 15600-15614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Chen ◽  
Wenya Song ◽  
Deguang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Flow Microreactor ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Hydrogen Production for Transport Application

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Udousoro ◽  
Cliff Dansoh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Electrolysis System

One of the challenges faced in the United Kingdom energy market is the need to supply clean energy at affordable prices. Hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier and has been applied as fuel for automotive engines. Several technologies exist for the production of hydrogen fuel but their acceptance is dependent on the cost and impact on the environment. Steam methane reforming is an established hydrogen production process in the UK. Currently there are 8 fuel cell buses that run on hydrogen fuel but the hydrogen used is produced via steam methane reforming. Production of hydrogen through solar powered electrolysis is a cleaner option but at what economic cost? In this paper, cost analysis is conducted to compare the cost of producing the amount of hydrogen needed to run the RV1 fuel cell buses at Lea Interchange bus garage through steam methane reforming of natural gas to solar powered water electrolysis. From the analysis it was discovered that levelised energy cost of solar powered electrolysis system is 15 times the levelised energy cost of steam methane reforming of natural gas. Thus, the production of hydrogen is not economically feasible through solar powered water electrolysis system.

Advanced Exergoenvironmental Analysis of a Steam Methane Reforming System for Hydrogen Production

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tsatsaronis ◽  
A. Boyano ◽  
T. Morosuk ◽  
A. M. Blanco-Marigorta
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Pollutant Formation ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Subsequent Improvement

In this paper, an advanced exergoenvironmental analysis is conducted for a steam methane reforming process for the production of hydrogen. The approach for calculating pollutant formation is generalized and the assumptions required for applying the analysis are discussed in detail. These are the main contributions of this work to the development of exergy-based methods for the analysis of energy-intensive chemical processes. In an advanced exergoenvironmental analysis, the environmental impact associated with the exergy destruction within a component as well as the component-related environmental impact and a component-related pollutant formation are split into unavoidable/avoidable and endogenous/exogenous parts. This splitting improves our understanding of the sources of thermodynamic inefficiencies and their effect to the formation of environmental impacts and pollutants, and facilitates a subsequent improvement of the overall process. Finally, some improvement options developed on the basis of the results of the advanced exergoenvironmental analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Methane Pyrolysis in Molten Potassium Chloride: An Experimental and Economic Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8182
Author(s):  
Jinho Boo ◽  
Eun Hee Ko ◽  
No-Kuk Park ◽  
Changkook Ryu ◽  
Yo-Han Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Methane Pyrolysis

Although steam methane reforming (CH4 + 2H2O → 4H2 + CO2) is the most commercialized process for producing hydrogen from methane, more than 10 kg of carbon dioxide is emitted to produce 1 kg of hydrogen. Methane pyrolysis (CH4 → 2H2 + C) has attracted much attention as an alternative to steam methane reforming because the co-product of hydrogen is solid carbon. In this study, the simultaneous production of hydrogen and separable solid carbon from methane was experimentally achieved in a bubble column filled with molten potassium chloride. The melt acted as a carbon-separating agent and as a pyrolytic catalyst, and enabled 40 h of continuous running without catalytic deactivation with an apparent activation energy of 277 kJ/mole. The resultant solid was purified by water washing or acid washing, or heating at high temperature to remove salt residues from the carbon. Heating the solid product at 1200 °C produced the highest purity carbon (97.2 at%). The economic feasibility of methane pyrolysis was evaluated by varying key parameters, that is, melt loss, melt price, and carbon revenue. Given a potassium chloride loss of <0.1 kg of salt per kg of produced carbon, the carbon revenue was calculated to be USD > 0.45 per kg of produced carbon. In this case, methane pyrolysis using molten potassium chloride may be comparable to steam methane reforming with carbon capture storage.

scholarly journals Heating and Cooling of an Aluminium-Cased Parallel Flow Microreactor for Steam-Methane Reforming

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 408-412
Author(s):  
Hanizam Madon Rais ◽  
Afiq M. Zamree Muhammad ◽  
Hisham Amirnordin Shahrin ◽  
Mas Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Bunsen Burner ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Flow Microreactor ◽  
Outlet Stream

A prototype aluminium microreactor for steam methane reforming process to produce hydrogen syngas, with parallel flow microchannels was developed. The microreactor was heated up to 400°C using a Bunsen burner at distance of 10mm below it surface. Whereby two condition of burner open flow which are 1/3 and 2/3 took place in order to investigate its heating effect on outlet stream temperature. From the results, show that both Bunsen burner flow slightly show the same tendency of increasing and decreasing state, which indicated the optimum point of heat transfer to the systems for a cycle. But, the 2/3 opening Bunsen burner flow give the reliable contact reaction time at minimum operating condition of 400 °C and 1 bar compare to 1/3 opening. This is due to its ability for lays above the set temperature point with longest duration time. From this results can conclude that, the relationship between contact flame area and microreactor surface on outlet flow temperature had been developed. The outlet stream temperature is proportional to the Bunsen burner opening, based on biggest area of flame contact yield the highest optimum temperature point with longest reaction time.

Advanced Exergetic Analysis of Chemical Processes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boyano ◽  
G. Tsatsaronis ◽  
T. Morosuk ◽  
A. M. Blanco-Marigorta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Water Gas

In this paper, a steam methane reforming (SMR) process for the production of hydrogen is studied. The process is based on two chemical reactions (reforming and water-gas-shift reaction). For each component but especially focusing on the chemical reactors, the avoidable part of the exergy destruction is estimated. The assumptions required for these calculations are discussed in detail and represent the main contribution of this work to the development of exergy-based methods for the analysis of chemical processes. In an advanced exergy analysis, the exergy destruction within a component is split into avoidable/unavoidable parts. This splitting improves understanding of the sources of thermodynamic inefficiencies and facilitates a subsequent optimization of the overall process. The overall SMR process is characterized by high energetic and exergetic efficiencies. However, the majority of the exergy destruction is caused by the irreversibility of chemical reactions and heat transfer. Results of this paper suggest options for improving the efficiency of the overall process.

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