scholarly journals Characterization of the Functional Changes in Mouse Gut Microbiome Associated with Increased Akkermansia muciniphila Population Modulated by Dietary Black Raspberries

ACS Omega ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 10927-10937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Tu ◽  
Xiaoming Bian ◽  
Liang Chi ◽  
Bei Gao ◽  
Hongyu Ru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Black Raspberries ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila

scholarly journals Fecal Metaproteomics Reveals Reduced Gut Inflammation and Changed Microbial Metabolism Following Lifestyle-Induced Weight Loss

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Ronald Biemann ◽  
Enrico Buß ◽  
Dirk Benndorf ◽  
Theresa Lehmann ◽  
Kay Schallert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Proteins

Gut microbiota-mediated inflammation promotes obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, which represents a hallmark of metabolic syndrome. To investigate if lifestyle-induced weight loss (WL) may modulate the gut microbiome composition and its interaction with the host on a functional level, we analyzed the fecal metaproteome of 33 individuals with metabolic syndrome in a longitudinal study before and after lifestyle-induced WL in a well-defined cohort. The 6-month WL intervention resulted in reduced BMI (−13.7%), improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, −46.1%), and reduced levels of circulating hsCRP (−39.9%), indicating metabolic syndrome reversal. The metaprotein spectra revealed a decrease of human proteins associated with gut inflammation. Taxonomic analysis revealed only minor changes in the bacterial composition with an increase of the families Desulfovibrionaceae, Leptospiraceae, Syntrophomonadaceae, Thermotogaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae. Yet we detected an increased abundance of microbial metaprotein spectra that suggest an enhanced hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates. Hence, lifestyle-induced WL was associated with reduced gut inflammation and functional changes of human and microbial enzymes for carbohydrate hydrolysis while the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome remained almost stable. The metaproteomics workflow has proven to be a suitable method for monitoring inflammatory changes in the fecal metaproteome.

Hyperpolarized 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a Rat Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan David Fliss ◽  
Brandon Zanette ◽  
Yonni Friedlander ◽  
Siddharth Sadanand ◽  
Andras A Lindenmaier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Non Invasive

Premature infants often require mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy which can result in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by developmental arrest and impaired lung function. Conventional clinical methods for assessing the prenatal lung are not adequate for the detection and assessment of long-term health risks in infants with BPD, highlighting the need for a non-invasive tool for the characterization of lung microstructure and function. Theoretical diffusion models, like the Model of Xenon Exchange (MOXE), interrogate alveolar gas exchange by predicting the uptake of inert Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe gas measured with HP 129Xe magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). To investigate HP 129Xe MRS as a tool for non-invasive characterization of pulmonary microstructural and functional changes in vivo, HP 129Xe gas exchange data were acquired in an oxygen exposure rat model of BPD that recapitulates the fewer and larger distal airways and pulmonary vascular stunting characteristics of BPD. Gas exchange parameters from MOXE, including airspace mean chord length (L­m), apparent hematocrit in the pulmonary capillaries (HCT), and pulmonary capillary transit time (tx), were compared with airspace mean axis length and area density (MAL and ρ­A) and percentage area of tissue and air (PTA and PAA) from histology. L­m was significantly larger in the exposed rats (p=0.003) and correlated with MAL, ρ­A, PTA, and PAA (0.59<|ρ|<0.66 and p<0.05). Observed increase in HCT (p=0.012) and changes in tx are also discussed. These findings support the use of HP 129Xe MRS for detecting fewer, enlarged distal airways in this rat model of BPD, and potentially in humans.

scholarly journals Study of Osteocyte Behavior by High-Resolution Intravital Imaging Following Photo-Induced Ischemia

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Hengfeng Yuan ◽  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Yuanxin Chen ◽  
Betty Kim
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Avascular Osteonecrosis ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Behavioral Dynamics ◽  
Bony Anatomy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Ischemic injuries and local hypoxia can result in osteocytes dysfunction and play a key role in the pathogenesis of avascular osteonecrosis. Conventional imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can reveal structural and functional changes within bony anatomy; however, characterization of osteocyte behavioral dynamics in the setting of osteonecrosis at the single cell resolution is limited. Here, we demonstrate an optical approach to study real-time osteocyte functions in vivo. Using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a biomarker for metabolic dynamics in osteocytes, we showed that NADH level within osteocytes transiently increase significantly after local ischemia through non-invasive photo-induced thrombosis of afferent arterioles followed by a steady decline. Our study presents a non-invasive optical approach to study osteocyte behavior through the modulation of local environmental conditions. Thus it provides a powerful toolkit to study cellular processes involved in bone pathologies in vivo.

scholarly journals A theoretical model of temperate phages as mediators of gut microbiome dysbiosis

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M. Lin ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Insight Into

Bacteriophages are the most prominent members of the gut microbiome, outnumbering their bacterial hosts by a factor of 10. Phages are bacteria-specific viruses that are gaining attention as highly influential regulators of the gut bacterial community. Dysregulation of the gut bacterial community contributes to dysbiosis, a microbiome disorder characterized by compositional and functional changes that contribute to disease. A role for phages in gut microbiome dysbiosis is emerging with evidence that the gut phage community is altered in dysbiosis-associated disorders such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Several recent studies have linked successful fecal microbiota transplantation to uptake of the donor’s gut phage community, offering some insight into why some recipients respond to treatment whereas others do not. Here, we review the literature supporting a role for phages in mediating the gut bacterial community, giving special attention to Western diet dysbiosis as a case study to demonstrate a theoretical phage-based mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome and its cofactors are linked to lipoprotein distribution profiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josue Castro Mejia ◽  
Bekzod Khakimov ◽  
Mads Lind ◽  
Eva Garne ◽  
Petronela Paulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Lipoprotein Distribution ◽  
Host Characteristics

Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GM) plays an important role in the etiology of dyslipidemia. To date, however, no in depth characterization of the associations between GM and its metabolic attributes with deep profiling of lipoproteins distributions (LPD) among healthy individuals has been conducted. To determine associations and contributions of GM composition and its cofactors with distribution profiles of lipoprotein subfractions, we studied blood plasma LPD, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and GM of 262 healthy Danish subjects aged 19-89 years. Stratification of LPD segregated subjects into three clusters of profiles that reflected differences in the lipoprotein subclasses, corresponded well with limits of recommended levels of main lipoprotein fractions and were largely explained by host characteristics such as age and body mass index. Higher levels of HDL, particularly driven by large subfractions (HDL2a and HDL2b), were associated with a higher relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae. Increasing levels of total cholesterol and LDL, which were primarily associated with large 1 and 2 subclasses, were positively associated with Lachnospiraceae and Coriobacteriaceae, and negatively with Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. Metagenome sequencing showed a higher abundance of genes involved in the biosynthesis of multiple B-vitamins and SCFA metabolism among subjects with healthier LPD profiles. Metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated mainly to Eggerthellaceae and Clostridiales were identified as the contributors of these genes and whose relative abundance correlated positively with larger subfractions of HDL. The results of this study demonstrate that remarkable differences in composition and metabolic traits of the GM are associated with variations in LPD among healthy subjects. Findings from this study provide evidence for GM considerations in future research aiming to shade light on mechanisms of the GM - dyslipidemia axis.

Spectral-Domain Oct and Microperimeter Characterization of Morphological and Functional Changes in X-Linked Retinoschisis

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneeswar Gupta Nittala ◽  
Gella Laxmi ◽  
Rajiv Raman ◽  
Padmaja Kumari Rani ◽  
Arun Bhargava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct

scholarly journals Age-related compositional and functional changes in micro-pig gut microbiome

GeroScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Young Lim ◽  
Eun-Ji Song ◽  
Kyung Soo Kang ◽  
Young-Do Nam
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Characterization of local gut microbiome and intestinal transcriptome responses to rosiglitazone treatment in diabetic db/db mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 110966
Author(s):  
Mette Simone Aae Madsen ◽  
Rikke Veggerby Grønlund ◽  
John Eid ◽  
Mikkel Christensen-Dalsgaard ◽  
Morten Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Rosiglitazone Treatment
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