scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Al Foams Subjected to Compression by a Cone-Shaped Indenter

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjie Wang ◽  
Xinzhu Wang ◽  
Kailin Jian ◽  
Linji Xu ◽  
Anqi Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Al Foams

THE RANDOM POROUS STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF LIGHTWEIGHT ALUMINUM FOAMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Larner ◽  
John Acker ◽  
Lilian P. Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Al Foam ◽  
Al Foams

ABSTRACTLightweight porous foams have been of particular interest in recent years, since they have a very unique set of properties which can be significantly different from their solid parent materials. These properties arise from their random porous structure which is generated through specialized processing techniques. Their unique structure gives these materials interesting properties which allow them to be used in diverse applications. In particular, highly porous Al foams have been used in aircraft components and sound insulation; however due to the difficulty in processing and the random nature of the foams, they are not well understood and thus have not yet been utilized to their full potential. The objective of this study was to integrate experiments and simulations to determine whether a relationship exists between the relative density (porous density/bulk density) and the mechanical properties of open-cell Al foams. Compression experiments were performed using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (IUTM) on ERG Duocel open-cell Al foams with 5.8% relative density, with compressive loads ranging from 0-6 MPa. Foam models were generated using a combination of an open source code, Voro++, and MATLAB. A Finite Element Method (FEM)-based software, COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3, was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of Al foam structures under compressive loads ranging from 0-2 MPa. From these simulated structures, the maximum von Mises stress, volumetric strain, and other properties were calculated. These simulation results were compared against data from compression experiments. CES EduPack software, a materials design program, was also used to estimate the mechanical properties of open-cell foams for values not available experimentally, and for comparison purposes. This program allowed for accurate prediction of the mechanical properties for a given percent density foam, and also provided a baseline for the Al foam samples tested via the IUTM method. Predicted results from CES EduPack indicate that a 5.8% relative density foam will have a Young’s Modulus of 0.02-0.92 GPa while its compressive strength will be 0.34-3.37 MPa. Overall results revealed a relationship between pores per inch and selected mechanical properties of Al foams. The methods developed in this study can be used to efficiently generate open-cell foam models, and to combine experiments and simulations to calculate structure-property relationships and predict yielding and failure, which may help in the pursuit of simulation-based design of metallic foams. This study can help to improve the current methods of characterizing foams and porous materials, and enhance knowledge about theirproperties for novel applications.

THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS ALUMINUM USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD SIMULATIONS AND COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Larner ◽  
Lilian P. Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fem Simulations ◽  
Al Foams ◽  
Element Method

ABSTRACTLightweight porous metallic materials are generally created through specialized processing techniques. Their unique structure gives these materials interesting properties which allow them to be used in diverse structural and insulation applications. In particular, highly porous Al structures (Al foams) have been used in aircraft components and sound insulation; however due to the difficulty in processing and random nature of the foams, they are not well understood and thus they have not yet been utilized to their full potential. The objective of this project was to determine whether a relationship exists between the relative density (porous density/bulk density) and the mechanical properties of porous Al structures. For this purpose, a combination of computer simulations and experiments was pursued to better understand possible relationships. A Finite Element Method (FEM)-based software, COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3, was used to model the structure and to simulate the mechanical behavior of porous Al structures under compressive loads ranging from 1-100 MPa. From these simulated structures, the maximum von Mises stress, volumetric strain, and other properties were calculated. These simulation results were compared against data from compression experiments performed using the Instron Universal Testing Machine (IUTM) on porous Al specimens created via a computernumerically-controlled (CNC) mill. CES EduPack software, a materials design program, was also used to estimate the mechanical properties of porous Al and open cell foams for values not available experimentally, and for comparison purposes. This program allowed for accurate prediction of the mechanical properties for a given percent density foam, and also provided a baseline for the solid Al samples tested. The main results from experiments were that the Young’s moduli (E) for porous Al samples (55.8% relative density) were 15.9-16.6 GPa depending on pore diameter, which is in good agreement with the CES EduPack predictions; while the compressive strengths (σc) were 155-185 MPa, higher than those predicted by CES EduPack. The results from the FEM simulations using 3D models (55.8% relative density) revealed the onset of yielding at 13.5-14.0 MPa, which correlates well with CES EduPack data. Overall results indicated that a combination of experiments and FEM simulations can be used to calculate structure-property relationships and to predict yielding and failure, which may help in the pursuit of simulation-based design of metallic foams. In the future, more robust modeling and simulation techniques will be explored, as well as investigating closed cell Al foams and different porous geometries (nm to micron). This study can help to improve the current methods of characterizing porous materials and enhance knowledge about their properties for alternative energy applications, while promoting their design through integrated approaches.

Mechanical properties of martensitic Cu–Zn–Al foams in the pseudoelastic regime

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (13) ◽  
pp. 1448-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bertolino ◽  
P. Arneodo Larochette ◽  
E.M. Castrodeza ◽  
C. Mapelli ◽  
A. Baruj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Al Foams

Effects of Scandium on Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Cellular Al-Based Foams

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Dong Hui Yang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Feng Ye ◽  
Zhao Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Titanium Hydride ◽  
Thickening Agent ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Sc Addition ◽  
Al Foams

Cellular Al-0.24wt.%Sc and Al-0.41wt.%Sc foams with a porosity ranging from 37 to 86% were successfully fabricated via the melt-foaming method with the calcium particles as the thickening agent and titanium hydride as blowing agent. The corrosion rate increased with the increasing of porosity for the cellular Al-0.24wt.%Sc, Al-0.41wt.%Sc and Al foams. Large size Al3Sc precipitates can accelerate the corrosion of the Al foams. However, T6-treatments could improve the corrosion resistance significantly. With T6-treatments, 0.24 wt.%Sc addition to Al foams exhibited unconspicuous decrease in the corrosion resistance but much improved strength.

Effect of the Cu addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of open-cell Al foams

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 3194-3202
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Azamar ◽  
Brenda J. Hernández ◽  
Ignacio A. Figueroa ◽  
Gonzalo Gonzalez ◽  
Omar Novelo-Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Al Foams

Evaluation of compressive mechanical properties of Al-foams using electrical conductivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kim ◽  
M.A. Hasan ◽  
S.H. Nahm ◽  
S.S. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Al Foams

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

Effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties of dual phase treated vanadium steels

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
H.C. Cheng ◽  
J.R. Gong ◽  
J.G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Potential Weight

For fuel savings as well as energy and resource requirement, high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) are of particular interest to automobile industry because of the potential weight reduction which can be achieved by using thinner section of these steels to carry the same load and thus to improve the fuel mileage. Dual phase treatment has been utilized to obtain superior strength and ductility combinations compared to the HSLA of identical composition. Recently, cooling rate following heat treatment was found to be important to the tensile properties of the dual phase steels. In this paper, we report the results of the investigation of cooling rate on the microstructures and mechanical properties of several vanadium HSLA steels.The steels with composition (in weight percent) listed below were supplied by China Steel Corporation: 1. low V steel (0.11C, 0.65Si, 1.63Mn, 0.015P, 0.008S, 0.084Aℓ, 0.004V), 2. 0.059V steel (0.13C, 0.62S1, 1.59Mn, 0.012P, 0.008S, 0.065Aℓ, 0.059V), 3. 0.10V steel (0.11C, 0.58Si, 1.58Mn, 0.017P, 0.008S, 0.068Aℓ, 0.10V).

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