scholarly journals Optimizing TiO2 through Water-Soluble Ti Complexes as Raw Material for Controlling Particle Size and Distribution of Synthesized BaTiO3 Nanocubes

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi Nakashima ◽  
Kouta Hironaka ◽  
Kazuma Oouchi ◽  
Mao Ajioka ◽  
Yoshio Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ti Complexes

Storage Problems of Poplar Chips from Short Rotation Plantations with Special Emphasis on Fungal Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Horváth ◽  
Béla Marosvölgyi ◽  
Christine Idler ◽  
Ralf Pecenka ◽  
Hannes Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Fungal Particles

Abstract - There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling. The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development.

Application of Plakett-Burman Screening Design in Optimization of Process Parameters for Formulation of Canaglifozin Nanosuspension

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5208-5216
Author(s):  
Nisha Patel ◽  
Hitesh A Patel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Response Variables

In this study, we sought to improve the dissolution characteristics of a poorly water-soluble BCS class IV drug canaglifozin, by preparing nanosuspension using media milling method. A Plackett–Burman screening design was employed to screen the significant formulation and process variables. A total of 12 experiment were generated by design expert trial version 12 for screening 5 independent variables namely the amount of stabilizer in mg (X1), stirring time in hr (X2), amt of Zirconium oxide beads in gm (X3), amount of drug in mg (X4) and stirring speed in rpm (X5) while mean particle size in nm (Y1) and drug release in 10 min. were selected as the response variables. All the regression models yielded a good fit with high determination coefficient and F value. The Pareto chart depicted that all the independent variables except the amount of canaglifozin had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the response variables. The mathematical model for mean particle size generated from the regression analysis was given by mean particle size = +636.48889 -1.28267 amt of stabilizer(X1) -4.20417 stirring time (X2) -7.58333 amt of ZrO2 beads(X3) -0.105556 amt of drug(X4) -0.245167 stirring speed(X5) (R2=0.9484, F ratio=22.07, p<0.001). Prepared canaglifozin nanosuspension exemplified a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the release as compared to pure canaglifozin and marketed tablet with the optimum formulation releasing almost 80% drug within first 10min. Optimized nanosuspension showed spherical shape with surface oriented stabilizer molecules and a mean particle diameter of 120.5 nm. There was no change in crystalline nature after formulation and it was found to be chemically stable with high drug content.

Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Ezetimibe in Combination with Simvastatin Using Quality by Design (QbD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-418
Author(s):  
Kruti Borderwala ◽  
Ganesh Swain ◽  
Namrata Mange ◽  
Jaimini Gandhi ◽  
Manisha Lalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipid Matrix ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
32 Factorial Design ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design

Background: The objective of this study was to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of poorly water soluble anti-hyperlipidemic drugs-Ezetimibe in combination with Simvastatin. Methods: This study describes a 32 full factorial experimental design to optimize the formulation of drug loaded lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by the high speed homogenization technique. The independent variables amount of lipid (GMS) and amount of surfactant (Poloxamer 188) were studied at three levels and arranged in a 32 factorial design to study the influence on the response variables- particle size, % entrapment efficiency (%EE) and cumulative drug release (% CDR) at 24 h. Results: The particle size, % EE and % CDR at 24 h for the 9 batches (B1 to B9) showed a wide variation of 104.6-496.6 nm, 47.80-82.05% (Simvastatin); 48.60-84.23% (Ezetimibe) and 54.64-92.27% (Simvastatin); 43.8-97.1% (Ezetimibe), respectively. The responses of the design were analysed using Design Expert 10.0.2. (Stat-Ease, Inc, USA), and the analytical tools of software were used to draw response surface plots. From the statistical analysis of data, polynomial equations were generated. Optimized formulation showed particle size of 169.5 nm, % EE of 75.43% (Simvastatin); 79.10% (Ezetimibe) and 74.13% (Simvastatin); 77.11% (Ezetimibe) %CDR after 24 h. Thermal analysis of prepared solid lipid nanoparticles gave indication of solubilisation of drugs within lipid matrix. Conclusion: Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the absence of new bands for loaded solid lipid nanoparticles indicating no interaction between drugs and lipid matrix and being only dissolved in it. Electron microscope of transmission techniques indicated sphere form of prepared solid lipid nanoparticles with smooth surface with size approximately around 100 nm.

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Su ◽  
Ying Yun Lin ◽  
Yu Li Fu ◽  
Fan Qian ◽  
Xiu Pei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Transmission Electron

Water-soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5- thiazoleacetic acid (MMTA) as a stabilizing agent and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. The AuNPs product was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TEM image shows that the particles were well-dispersed and their average particle size is about 5 nm. The UV-vis absorption and FTIR spectra confirm that the MMTA-AuNPs was stabilized by the carboxylate ions present on the surface of the AuNPs.

Formulation and Evaluation of Benidipine Nanosuspension

2021 ◽  
pp. 4111-4116
Author(s):  
Sejal Patel ◽  
Anita P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Selection Of

In the interest of administration of dosage form oral route is most desirable and preferred method. After oral administration to get maximum therapeutic effect, major challenge is their water solubility. Water insoluble drug indicate insufficient bioavailability as well dissolution resulting in fluctuating plasma level. Benidipine (BND) is poorly water soluble antihypertensive drug has lower bioavailability. To improve bioavailability of Benidipine HCL, BND nanosuspension was formulated using media milling technique. HPMC E5 was used to stabilize nanosuspension. The effect of different important process parameters e.g. selection of polymer concentration X1(1.25 mg), stirring time X2 (800 rpm), selection of zirconium beads size X3 (0.4mm) were investigated by 23 factorial design to accomplish desired particle size and saturation solubility. The optimized batch had 408 nm particle size Y1, and showed in-vitro dissolution Y2 95±0.26 % in 30 mins and Zeta potential was -19.6. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR analysis was done to confirm there was no interaction between drug and polymer.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PERINDOPRIL MICROENCAPSULES BY USING DIFFERENT POLYMER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Leena Jacob ◽  
Abhilash Tv ◽  
Shajan Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Drug Entrapment Efficiency

Objective: The study was carried out with an objective to achieve a potential sustained release oral drug delivery system of an antihypertensive drug, Perindopril which is a ACE inhibitor having half life of 2 hours. Perindopril is water soluble drug, so we can control or delay the release rate of drug by using release retarding polymers. This may also decrease the toxic side effects by preventing the high initial concentration in the blood.Method: Microcapsules were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using Eudragit L100 and Ethyl cellulose as a retarding agent to control the release rate and magnesium stearate as an inert dispersing carrier to decrease the interfacial tension between lipophilic and hydrophilic phase. Results: Prepared microcapsules were evaluated for the particle size, percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency, flow property and in vitro drug release for 12 h. Results indicated that the percentage yield, mean particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and the micrometric properties of the microcapsules was influenced by various drug: polymer ratio. The release rate of microcapsules could be controlled as desired by adjusting the combination ratio of dispersing agents to retarding agents.Conclusion:Perindopril microcapsules can be successfully designed to develop sustained drug delivery, that reduces the dosing frequency and their by one can increase the patient compliance.

Use of Ceramic Waste for the Manufacture of Sintered Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Vanessa Moura de Souza ◽  
Vinícius Martins ◽  
Rejane Maria Candiota Tubino
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Powder Technology ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Quality Process

This paper evaluated the use of the pitcher, a ceramic waste obtained through the quality process of a sanitary ware industry, in the development of a material for usage in the manufacture of sintered parts. The pitcher was obtained through powder technology and is composed, according to the chemical analysis obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, of clayey minerals (clay and kaolin), quartz, and feldspar, which may include ceramic rocks such as granite, pegmatite and phyllite; that is, it has proved to be a potential raw material due to the minerals that can still be reused. The pitcher passed through a granulometry-based selection process, sieving about 20kg using the following sieve sequence: 18 MESH, 25 MESH, 30 MESH, 120 MESH and 400 MESH; with around 70% of the residue being retained in the sieves of 120 and 400 MESH, which were selected to be used in the evaluation. The samples were compacted in a manual press with different pressures, between 300 and 1000 kgf, and after were sintered at a temperature of 1100oC in a resistive furnace. To characterize the material, the apparent and green density, as well as the compressibility curve, were determined to identify the best compression pressure. The microstructure of the test specimen and the pitcher homogeneity were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Both particle sizes presented the typical compressibility curve, in which the density increases with increasing compaction pressure, while the curve slope decreases with increasing pressure. The density increase with the increasing compaction pressure indicates a good densification for the temperatures, independent of the sample granulometry. The sintering porosity decreased proportionally to the particle size in the sintered samples. The analysis showed that the particle size of 400 MESH sintered at 1100oC obtained more porous surfaces, thus indicating a promising future for the manufacture of parts using powder technology, especially for the development of filters.

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