scholarly journals Intumescent-Grafted Bamboo Charcoal: A Natural Nontoxic Fire-Retardant Filler for Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Weisheng Chai ◽  
Wenzhu Li ◽  
Kate Semple ◽  
Ningning Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal

scholarly journals Enhancement of Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid with a Biodegradable Fire-Retardant Filler System Based on Bamboo Charcoal

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Li ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Weisheng Chai ◽  
Ningning Yin ◽  
Kate Semple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Adhesion Promoter ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Air Atmosphere

A cooperative flame-retardant system based on natural intumescent-grafted bamboo charcoal (BC) and chitosan (CS) was developed for polylactic acid (PLA) with improved flame retardancy and minimal decline in strength properties. Chitosan (CS) as an adhesion promoter improved the interfacial compatibility between graft-modified bamboo charcoal (BC-m) and PLA leading to enhanced tensile properties by 11.11% and 8.42%, respectively for tensile strength and modulus. At 3 wt.% CS and 30 wt.% BC-m, the crystallinity of the composite increased to 38.92%, or 43 times that of pure PLA (0.9%). CS promotes the reorganization of the internal crystal structure. Thermogravimetric analysis showed significantly improved material retention of PLA composites in nitrogen and air atmosphere. Residue rate for 5 wt.% CS and 30 wt.% BC-m was 29.42% which is 55.1% higher than the theoretical value of 18.97%. Flammability tests (limiting oxygen index-LOI and UL-94) indicated significantly improved flame retardancy and evidence of cooperation between CS and BC-m, with calculated cooperative effectiveness index(Ce) >1. From CONE tests, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 26.9% and 30.5%, respectively, for 3% CS + 20% BC-m in PLA compared with adding 20% BC-m alone. Analysis of carbon residue morphology, chemical elements and structure suggest CS and BC-m form a more stable char containing pyrophosphate. This char provides heat insulation to inhibit complete polymer pyrolysis, resulting in improved flame retardancy of PLA composites. Optimal mix may be recommended at 20% BC-m + 3% CS to balance compatibility, composite strength properties and flame retardance.

scholarly journals Intumescent Biobased-Polylactide Films to Flame Retard Nonwovens

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892500900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Reti ◽  
Mathilde Casetta ◽  
Sophie Duquesne ◽  
René Delobel ◽  
Jérémie Soulestin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Flame Spread ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
New Process ◽  
Potential Use

The work focuses on the development of a new process to flame retard nonwovens, using films based on renewable resources. Films consist in intumescent formulations of polylactic acid (PLA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) blended with lignin or starch and are coated on hemp or wool nonwovens. The objective of this study was to investigate the fire retardant and mechanical properties of textiles protected by FR PLA films for potential use in building applications. Horizontal and vertical flame spread tests as well as cone calorimetry tests show that flammability properties of nonwovens are significantly improved. Better mechanical properties are also obtained with coated nonwovens.

scholarly journals Development of Biodegradable Flame-Retardant Bamboo Charcoal Composites, Part I: Thermal and Elemental Analyses

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Kate Semple ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wenbiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Plastic Composite

In this study, bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as a substitute filler for bamboo powder (BP) in a lignocellulose-plastic composite made from polylactic acid (PLA), with aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) added as a fire retardant. A set of BC/PLA/AHP composites were successfully prepared and tested for flame-retardancy properties. Objectives were to (a) assess compatibility and dispersibility of BC and AHP fillers in PLA matrix, and (b) improve flame-retardant properties of PLA composite. BC reduced flexural properties while co-addition of AHP enhanced bonding between PLA and BC, improving strength and ductility properties. Adding AHP drastically reduced the heat release rate and total heat release of the composites by 72.2% compared with pure PLA. The formation of carbonized surface layers in the BC/PLA/AHP composites effectively improved the fire performance index (FPI) and reduced the fire growth index (FGI). Flame-retardant performance was significantly improved with limiting oxygen index (LOI) of BC/PLA/AHP composite increased to 31 vol%, providing a V-0 rating in UL-94 vertical flame test. Adding AHP promoted earlier initial thermal degradation of the surface of BC/PLA/AHP composites with a carbon residue rate up to 40.3%, providing a protective layer of char. Further raw material and char residue analysis are presented in Part II of this series.

Improvement on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) using bamboo charcoal particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-po Ho ◽  
Kin-tak Lau ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal

Advances in fire retardant materials

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Horrocks ◽  
D. Price
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
In Fire

Fire retardant materials

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Horrocks ◽  
D Price
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant
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