Enrichment Characteristics of Macerals during Triboelectrostatic Separation in the View of Surface Microstructure, Pore distribution, and Typical Electrical Parameters

Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) of the near surface microstructure of ion implanted ceramics can provide much information about these materials. Backthinning of specimens results in relatively large thin areas for analysis of precipitates, voids, dislocations, depth profiles of implanted species and other features. One of the most critical stages in the backthinning process is the ion milling procedure. Material sputtered during ion milling can redeposit on the back surface thereby contaminating the specimen with impurities such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, etc. These impurities may originate from the specimen, specimen platform and clamping plates, vacuum system, and other components. The contamination may take the form of discrete particles or continuous films [Fig. 1] and compromises many of the compositional and microstructural analyses. A method is being developed to protect the implanted surface by coating it with NaCl prior to backthinning. Impurities which deposit on the continuous NaCl film during ion milling are removed by immersing the specimen in water and floating the contaminants from the specimen as the salt dissolves.

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The Transformation and Mathematical Graph Reflection of Lead-Acid Acu-Cell Electrical Parameters in the Equation of a Line

10.33107/ubt-ic.2017.150 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rexhep Nushi

Keyword(s):

Electrical Parameters ◽

Mathematical Graph ◽

Lead Acid

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The Influence Of The Led Luminaires Electrical Parameters On Their Correlated Colour Temperature During Operation Mode

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2020-025 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Sergei S. Kapitonov ◽

Alexei S. Vinokurov ◽

Sergei V. Prytkov ◽

Sergei Yu. Grigorovich ◽

Anastasia V. Kapitonova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Operation Mode ◽

Light Sources ◽

Electrical Parameters ◽

Colour Temperature ◽

Radiation Spectra ◽

Service Period ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Definition Of ◽

Comprehensive Study

The article describes the results of comprehensive study aiming at increase of quality of LED luminaires and definition of the nature of changes in their correlated colour temperature (CCT) in the course of operation. Dependences of CCT of LED luminaires with remote and close location of phosphor for 10 thousand hours of operation in different electric modes were obtained; the results of comparison between the initial and final radiation spectra of the luminaires are presented; using mathematical statistics methods, variation of luminaire CCT over the service period claimed by the manufacturer is forecast; the least favourable electric operation modes with the highest CCT variation observed are defined. The obtained results have confirmed availability of the problem of variation of CCT of LED luminaires during their operation. Possible way of its resolution is application of more qualitative and therefore expensive LEDs with close proximity of phosphor or LEDs with remote phosphor. The article may be interesting both for manufacturers and consumers of LED light sources and lighting devices using them.

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Surface Microstructure Evolution Upon Silicidation of Ni(Pt) and the Different Responses to Metal Etch

ISTFA 2013: Conference Proceedings from the 39th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0138 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Wentao Qin ◽

Dorai Iyer ◽

Jim Morgan ◽

Carroll Casteel ◽

Robert Watkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Oxide Film ◽

Microstructure Evolution ◽

Depth Profiling ◽

Surface Microstructure ◽

The Difference ◽

Surface Microstructures ◽

Pt Films

Abstract Ni(5 at.%Pt ) films were silicided at a temperature below 400 °C and at 550 °C. The two silicidation temperatures had produced different responses to the subsequent metal etch. Catastrophic removal of the silicide was seen with the low silicidation temperature, while the desired etch selectivity was achieved with the high silicidation temperature. The surface microstructures developed were characterized with TEM and Auger depth profiling. The data correlate with both silicidation temperatures and ultimately the difference in the response to the metal etch. With the high silicidation temperature, there existed a thin Si-oxide film that was close to the surface and embedded with particles which contain metals. This thin film is expected to contribute significantly to the desired etch selectivity. The formation of this layer is interpreted thermodynamically.

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"Recent Patents on the Triboelectrostatic Separation of Fly Ash"

Recent Patents on Engineering ◽

10.2174/1872212113666190923100018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Haisheng Li ◽

Wenping Wang ◽

Yinghua Chen ◽

Xinxi Zhang ◽

Chaoyong Li

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Power Plants ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Separation Efficiency ◽

High Reliability ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Security Requirements ◽

Unburned Carbon ◽

Efficient Operation ◽

Triboelectrostatic Separation

Background: The fly ash produced by coal-fired power plants is an industrial waste. The environmental pollution problems caused by fly ash have been widely of public environmental concern. As a waste of recoverable resources, it can be used in the field of building materials, agricultural fertilizers, environmental materials, new materials, etc. Unburned carbon content in fly ash has an influence on the performance of resource reuse products. Therefore, it is the key to remove unburned carbon from fly ash. As a physical method, triboelectrostatic separation technology has been widely used because of obvious advantages, such as high-efficiency, simple process, high reliability, without water resources consumption and secondary pollution. Objective: The related patents of fly ash triboelectrostatic separation had been reviewed. The structural characteristics and working principle of these patents are analyzed in detail. The results can provide some meaningful references for the improvement of separation efficiency and optimal design. Methods: Based on the comparative analysis for the latest patents related to fly ash triboelectrostatic separation, the future development is presented. Results: The patents focused on the charging efficiency and separation efficiency. Studies show that remarkable improvements have been achieved for the fly ash triboelectrostatic separation. Some patents have been used in industrial production. Conclusion: According to the current technology status, the researches related to process optimization and anti-interference ability will be beneficial to overcome the influence of operating conditions and complex environment, and meet system security requirements. The intelligent control can not only ensure the process continuity and stability, but also realize the efficient operation and management automatically. Meanwhile, the researchers should pay more attention to the resource utilization of fly ash processed by triboelectrostatic separation.

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