scholarly journals Ethanolamine Plasmalogen Suppresses Apoptosis in Human Intestinal Tract Cells in Vitro by Attenuating Induced Inflammatory Stress

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 3140-3148
Author(s):  
Ephantus Nguma ◽  
Shinji Yamashita ◽  
Kei Kumagai ◽  
Yurika Otoki ◽  
Ayaka Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Ethanolamine Plasmalogen ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

scholarly journals Quantification of Salmonella Survival and Infection in an In vitro Model of the Human Intestinal Tract as Proxy for Foodborne Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas M. Wijnands ◽  
Peter F. M. Teunis ◽  
Angelina F. A. Kuijpers ◽  
Ellen H. M. Delfgou-Van Asch ◽  
Annemarie Pielaat
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Salmonella Survival ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

scholarly journals Pilot study: Trehalose-induced remodelling of the human microbiota affects Clostridioides difficile infection outcome in an in vitro colonic model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Buckley ◽  
Ines B. Moura ◽  
Norie Arai ◽  
William Spittal ◽  
Emma Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Saline Ingestion ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

AbstractWithin the human intestinal tract, dietary, microbial- and host-derived compounds are used as signals by many pathogenic organisms, including Clostridioides difficile. Trehalose has been reported to enhance virulence of certain C. difficile ribotypes; however, such variants are widespread and not correlated with clinical outcomes for patients suffering from C. difficile infection (CDI). Here, we make preliminary observations to how to trehalose supplementation affects the microbiota in an in vitro model and show that trehalose can reduce the outgrowth of C. difficile, preventing simulated CDI. Three clinically reflective human gut models simulated the effects of sugar (trehalose or glucose) or saline ingestion on the microbiota. Models were instilled with sugar or saline and further exposed to C. difficile spores. The recovery of the microbiota following antibiotic treatment and CDI induction was monitored in each model. The human microbiota remodeled to utilise the bioavailable trehalose. Clindamycin induction caused simulated CDI in models supplemented with either glucose or saline; however, trehalose supplementation did not result in CDI, although limited spore germination did occur. The absence of CDI in trehalose model was associated with enhanced abundances of Finegoldia, Faecalibacterium and Oscillospira, and reduced abundances of Klebsiella and Clostridium spp., compared with the other models. Functional analysis of the microbiota in the trehalose model revealed differences in the metabolic pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, which could be attributed to prevention of CDI. Our data show that trehalose supplementation remodelled the microbiota, which prevented simulated CDI, potentially due to enhanced recovery of nutritionally competitive microbiota against C. difficile.

scholarly journals Effects of Sphingolipid Fractions from Golden Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) on Apoptosis Induced by Inflammatory Stress in an Intestinal Tract in vitro Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093
Author(s):  
Mirinthorn Jutanom ◽  
Chisato Higaki ◽  
Shinji Yamashita ◽  
Kiyotaka Nakagawa ◽  
Satoshi Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Pleurotus Citrinopileatus

scholarly journals Intestinal Explant Barrier Chip: long-term intestinal absorption screening in a novel microphysiological system using tissue explants

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Eslami Amirabadi ◽  
Joanne Donkers ◽  
Esmée Wierenga ◽  
Bastiaan Ingenhut ◽  
Lisanne Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

The majority of intestinal in vitro screening models use cell lines that do not reflect the complexity of the human intestinal tract and hence often fail to accurately predict intestinal...

EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen and EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine enhance BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling and inhibit neuronal apoptosis in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1729-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Che ◽  
Lingyu Zhang ◽  
Lin Ding ◽  
Wancui Xie ◽  
Xiaoming Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Ethanolamine Plasmalogen ◽  
Learning And Memory Deficit

Our previous study showed that EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPA-pPE) exerted more significant effects than EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine (EPA-PE) in improving learning and memory deficit.

The human intestinal tract – a hotbed of resistance gene transfer? Part I

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Salyers ◽  
Kyung Moon ◽  
David Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity and Preclinical Profile of TMC435350, a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse-I Lin ◽  
Oliver Lenz ◽  
Gregory Fanning ◽  
Thierry Verbinnen ◽  
Frédéric Delouvroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Absolute Bioavailability ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration

ABSTRACT The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease has been explored as a target for the inhibition of viral replication in preclinical models and in HCV-infected patients. TMC435350 is a highly specific and potent inhibitor of NS3/4A protease selected from a series of novel macrocyclic inhibitors. In biochemical assays using NS3/4A proteases of genotypes 1a and 1b, inhibition constants of 0.5 and 0.4 nM, respectively, were determined. TMC435350 inhibited HCV replication in a cellular assay (subgenomic 1b replicon) with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 8 nM and a selectivity index of 5,875. The compound was synergistic with alpha interferon and an NS5B inhibitor in the replicon model and additive with ribavirin. In rats, TMC435350 was extensively distributed to the liver and intestinal tract (tissue/plasma area under the concentration-time curve ratios of >35), and the absolute bioavailability was 44% after a single oral administration. Compound concentrations detected in both plasma and liver at 8 h postdosing were above the EC99 value measured in the replicon. In conclusion, given the selective and potent in vitro anti-HCV activity, the potential for combination with other anti-HCV agents, and the favorable pharmacokinetic profile, TMC435350 has been selected for clinical development.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of allicin combined with two antibiotics on intestinal Shigella

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchi Jia ◽  
Xiaomei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Combined Use

Abstract Objective We aimed to evaluate the combined antibacterial effects of allicin in combination with levofloxacin and ceftriaxone on Shigella isolated from the intestinal tract in vitro. Materials and Methods Using a checkerboard design, broth microdilution assay was used to test the effects of the compounds on the organism. We also determined the MIC of the two groups of antibacterial drugs against 30 strains of Shigella and calculated the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, to judge the combination effect. Result After the combined application of allicin and ceftriaxone the MIC decreased significantly. Distribution of the FIC index was as follows: FIC ≤0.5, accounting for 10%; 0.5< FIC ≤1.0, accounting for 60%; 1 < FIC ≤2, accounting for 30%; FIC >2, percentage is zero. After combined application of allicin and levofloxacin, distribution of FIC index was as follows: FIC≤0.5, ratio is zero; 0.5< FIC ≤1, accounting for 56.7%; 1 < FIC ≤2, accounting for 43.3%; FIC >2, ratio is zero. Conclusion After the combined use of ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and allicin, most of the tests showed synergistic effects and additive effects on Shigella, while some of them showed no correlation and no antagonistic effect.

Abstract 561: Dysregulation of miR-155 in Acute Oscillatory Shear Stress (OSS)-mediated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Mohamed ◽  
Sheena Thomas ◽  
Kimberly Rooney ◽  
Roy Sutliff ◽  
Nick Willett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Oscillatory Shear Stress

Introduction: Shear stress forces play an integral role in dictating the endothelial cell (EC) response to changes in blood flow, pro-inflammatory response and hence development of atherosclerosis. Previously, our group has identified EC microRNA-155 (miR-155) as one of the key signature dysregulated miRNAs in areas of chronic low magnitude oscillatory shear stress (OSS) in vasculature and OSS models of in-vitro. Hypothesis: we hypothesized that acute induction of OSS mediates EC oxidative stress, inflammation and dysfunction, via dysregulation of EC miR-155. Methods: 12-week old C57B/6J mice were subjected to abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC), a unique model of acute induction of OSS, for 3 days and downstream segments of acute OSS were compared to upstream unidirectional shear stress (USS) segments of the thoracic aorta. Results: Acute OSS resulted in down regulation of EC miR-155 expression and inverse upregulation of EC RhoA and Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), known targets of miR-155-mediated EC cytoskeleton organization, in OSS segments compared with USS. This was associated with impaired EC dependent relaxation, differential contractile response to phenylephrine, and loss of EC barrier function as evaluated by extravasation of Evans-blue dye assay. In parallel, En-face immunohistochemical staining also showed increased expression of EC nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) along with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrotyrosine (NY) formation in OSS segments compared with USS. Conclusions: Together, our studies shed light on the early changes in EC response to acute induction of OSS and resulting down-regulation of EC mir-155, including; oxidative/inflammatory stress, EC dysfunction, loss of barrier function and cytoskeletal changes. Despite the early upregulation of eNOS, it could also potentially synergize with the activation of the RhoA-MYLK pathway in EC oxidative (ROS/NY)/inflammatory stress and associated EC dysfunction. Further studies are in progress to dissect the interplay between these different pathways and their causal relationships as downstream targets of EC miR-155.

Ability ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 isolates to colonize the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD1 mice is transient

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Sonia L Bardy ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
A Current

In an attempt to improve upon a current mouse model of intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 used in this laboratory for vaccine development, nine clinical isolates of the pathogen were screened for their ability to persist in the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD-1 mice. None of the test isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were capable of colonizing these mice for a period of more than two weeks. Most of the isolates appeared to be benign for the experimental host, but one isolate was lethal. This virulence correlated with the ability of the latter isolate to produce large quantities of Shiga-like toxin 2 in vitro.

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