scholarly journals Mechanistic Understanding on the Role of Cu Species over the CuOx/TiO2 Catalyst for CO2 Photoreduction

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (29) ◽  
pp. 18050-18063
Author(s):  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Shiheng Deng ◽  
Boping Liu ◽  
Yulong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Photoreduction ◽  
Tio2 Catalyst ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

Towards a mechanistic understanding of competence: a missing link in diversity–disease research

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara E. Stewart Merrill ◽  
Pieter T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

AbstractBiodiversity loss may increase the risk of infectious disease in a phenomenon known as the dilution effect. Circumstances that increase the likelihood of disease dilution are: (i) when hosts vary in their competence, and (ii) when communities disassemble predictably, such that the least competent hosts are the most likely to go extinct. Despite the central role of competence in diversity–disease theory, we lack a clear understanding of the factors underlying competence, as well as the drivers and extent of its variation. Our perspective piece encourages a mechanistic understanding of competence and a deeper consideration of its role in diversity–disease relationships. We outline current evidence, emerging questions and future directions regarding the basis of competence, its definition and measurement, the roots of its variation and its role in the community ecology of infectious disease.

The role of cerium in the improved SO2 tolerance for NO reduction with NH3 over Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst at low temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiben Jin ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wanglai Cen ◽  
Zhongbiao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Tio2 Catalyst ◽  
So2 Tolerance

scholarly journals A Mechanistic Understanding of the Role of Feedforward Inhibition in the Mammalian Sound Localization Circuitry

Neuron ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Roberts ◽  
Stephanie C. Seeman ◽  
Nace L. Golding
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Feedforward Inhibition

scholarly journals Preprint: Cognitive Control in Depression: Toward Clinical Models Informed by Cognitive Neuroscience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Grahek ◽  
Jonas Everaert ◽  
Ruth Krebs ◽  
Ernst H. W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Tripartite Model ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

Cognitive control dysfunctions are thought to contribute to the onset and maintenance of depression. However, the causes and nature of these dysfunctions remain unknown. Here, we critically review contemporary research on cognitive control in depression. We identify three main conceptual issues in this field: 1) uncritical use of the tripartite model; 2) reliance on descriptive explanations; and 3) lack of integration with emotional and motivational impairments. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience offer possibilities to resolve these issues. We review this progress focusing on the ability to detect the need for control, the role of motivation, and the flexibility-stability balance. We propose that depression-related dysfunctions arise from issues in detecting when, how, and for how long to engage in goal-oriented processing. In conclusion, we argue that integrating advances in cognitive neuroscience into clinical research can help to move from a descriptive towards a more mechanistic understanding of cognitive dysfunctions in depression.

scholarly journals ESCRT machinery mediates selective microautophagy of endoplasmic reticulum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin A. Schäfer ◽  
Julia P. Schessner ◽  
Peter W. Bircham ◽  
Takuma Tsuji ◽  
Charlotta Funaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane ◽  
Misfolded Proteins ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Escrt Machinery ◽  
Parallel Pathways ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Er Homeostasis ◽  
Er Whorls

ABSTRACTER-phagy, the selective autophagy of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), safeguards organelle homeostasis by eliminating misfolded proteins and regulating ER size. ER-phagy can occur by macroautophagic and microautophagic mechanisms. While dedicated machinery for macro-ER-phagy has been discovered, the molecules and mechanisms mediating micro-ER-phagy remain unknown. Here, we first show that micro-ER-phagy in yeast involves the conversion of stacked cisternal ER into multilamellar ER whorls during microautophagic uptake into lysosomes. Second, we identify the conserved Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex and ESCRT proteins as key components for micro-ER-phagy. Third, we demonstrate that macro- and micro-ER-phagy are parallel pathways with distinct molecular requirements. Finally, we provide evidence that ESCRT proteins directly function in scission of the lysosomal membrane to complete the microautophagic uptake of ER. These findings establish a framework for a mechanistic understanding of micro-ER-phagy and, thus, a comprehensive appreciation of the role of autophagy in ER homeostasis.

scholarly journals Motivation and Cognitive Control in Depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Grahek ◽  
Amitai Shenhav ◽  
Sebastian Musslick ◽  
Ruth M. Krebs ◽  
Ernst H.W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Control Allocation ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

AbstractDepression is linked to deficits in cognitive control and a host of other cognitive impairments arise as a consequence of these deficits. Despite of their important role in depression, there are no mechanistic models of cognitive control deficits in depression. In this paper we propose how these deficits can emerge from the interaction between motivational and cognitive processes. We review depression-related impairments in key components of motivation along with new cognitive neuroscience models that focus on the role of motivation in the decision-making about cognitive control allocation. Based on this review we propose a unifying framework which connects motivational and cognitive control deficits in depression. This framework is rooted in computational models of cognitive control and offers a mechanistic understanding of cognitive control deficits in depression.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Mechanistic Understanding to Phenotypic Screening for First-in-Class Medicines

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Swinney
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Screening ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The U.S

The level of mechanistic understanding required for drug discovery is a central feature of most strategies. However, an understanding of mechanism is not required for regulatory approval. This paradox is particularly relevant to the role of phenotypic assays in drug discovery. A recent analysis revealed that phenotypic drug discovery strategies were more successful for first-in-class medicines, whereas target-based molecular strategies were more successful for followers ( Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.2011, 10, 507–519). The rationale for the success of phenotypic screening was the unbiased identification of the molecular mechanism of action. In this follow-up analysis, the format and mechanistic information used to establish the phenotypic assays that led to the first-in-class small-molecule new molecular entities approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration between 1999 and 2008 were analyzed and compared with those approved in 2012. Not surprisingly, some level of mechanistic understanding was used to select the assay formats and chemicals screened. It is concluded that mechanism takes on different connotations depending on context and perspective and that a target need not always be the exclusive definition of mechanism.

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