scholarly journals Bactericidal Capacity of a Heterogeneous TiO2/ZnO Nanocomposite against Multidrug-Resistant and Non-Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Strains Associated with Nosocomial Infections

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 12027-12034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hazliana Harun ◽  
Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin ◽  
Srimala Sreekantan ◽  
Khairul Arifah Saharudin ◽  
Norfatehah Basiron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bactericidal Capacity

scholarly journals Control of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa through Hospital Construction Design and Extensive Environmental and Clinical Surveillance in an Allogeneic Transplantat Unit

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1137-1137
Author(s):  
Annelene Kossow ◽  
Frank Kipp ◽  
Gerda Silling ◽  
Andreas H Groll ◽  
Claudia Rössig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Clinical Surveillance

Abstract Introduction: Immunocompromised patients are increasingly threatened by multidrug resistant bacterial strains. Following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), patients are especially at risk for multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) which as a pathogen can be the cause of life-threatening septicemias. A possible reservoir and source of nosocomial infections are biofilms in shower drains, sinks, and toilets. For this reason, substantial targeted renovation was performed in the bathrooms of our SCT unit. We subsequently performed extensive surveillance of patients status as carriers and took numerous environmental samples. Methods: Renovation/ conversion works of our transplant unit (2 wards with 20 HEPA filtered patients rooms, all equipped with separate shower baths) began in 2011 and included the installation of Pall-Aquasafe water filters (Pall Cooperation, Port Washington, NY) on all faucet and shower heads. Washbasins were equipped with Biorec Disinfection siphons (MoveoMed, Radebeul, Germany), which use UV and temperature together with frequent vibration and a bactericidal coating for disinfection. In addition, the toilets were replaced with rimless toilet basins and a system was developed to supply the flushing water with disinfectant at appropriate concentrations. The shower outlet drains were modified and covered by a heavy metal lid that cannot be easily removed and prevents aerosol formation. All renovation work was completed in April 2014. Cleaning and disinfection takes place once a day and the removable metal devices of the showers are sterilized once a week as well as every time a patient is discharged. In addition, extensive training of all personal in infection prevention was performed and the work of the cleaning personal was supervised closely. Environmental sampling was performed monthly in every room. Patients were screened upon admission and weekly during their treatment on the SCT unit by either anal swabs or stool cultures. Standard antibiotic prophylaxis consisted of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for patients undergoing allogeneic SCT. Metronidazole prophylaxis was omitted in August 2013. Results: Peri-renovation environmental sampling detected MRPA in 22,6% of swabs from the toilets and 11,8% of swabs from the shower outlets in 2012. The rate decreased to 15,1% from the toilets and 4,4% from the shower outlets in 2013 and reached 10,1% from the toilets and 0,6% from the shower outlets in the first six months of 2014. In 2012, 15 out of 197 patients (7.6%), receiving an allogeneic SCT or treatment for severe post-transplant complications (mainly GvHD) were affected by MRPA. This number decreased to 13 out of 206 (6.3%) in 2013 and 2 out of 95 (2.1%) in the first half in 2014. Overall 18 patients (3.6%) were colonized only and 12 patients (2.4%) developed bacteremia from MRPA. Discussion: Environmental sources must be taken into consideration for the prevention of nosocomial infections. The implemented measures in our transplant unit can serve as an example for the reduction of biofilm, which can act as a reservoir for MRPA. Because of inconsistent local conformity of environmental and clinical isolates it still remains unclear whether the reason for colonisation and infection lays in environmental contamination and / or antibiotic selection in already precolonized patients. Further investigations will employ MRPA genotyping to determine genetic relationships between isolates from patients and environmental isolates. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Ventilation-Associated Particulate Matter Is a Potential Reservoir of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Health Facilities

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Evgenia Chezganova ◽  
Olga Efimova ◽  
Vera Sakharova ◽  
Anna Efimova ◽  
Sergey Sozinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Most healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) develop due to the colonisation of patients and healthcare workers by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Here, we investigated whether the particulate matter from the ventilation systems (Vent-PM) of health facilities can harbour MDRO and other microbes, thereby acting as a potential reservoir of HCAIs. Dust samples collected in the ventilation grilles and adjacent air ducts underwent a detailed analysis of physicochemical properties and biodiversity. All Vent-PM samples included ultrafine PM capable of reaching the alveoli. Strikingly, >70% of Vent-PM samples were contaminated, mostly by viruses (>15%) or multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing bacterial strains (60% and 48% of all bacteria-contaminated specimens, respectively). Total viable count at 1 m from the ventilation grilles was significantly increased after opening doors and windows, indicating an association between air flow and bacterial contamination. Both chemical and microbial compositions of Vent-PM considerably differed across surgical vs. non-surgical and intensive vs. elective care units and between health facilities located in coal and chemical districts. Reduced diversity among MDRO and increased prevalence ratio in multidrug-resistant to the total Enterococcus spp. in Vent-PM testified to the evolving antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, we suggest Vent-PM as a previously underestimated reservoir of HCAI-causing pathogens in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Cyclic-Monomeric and Dimeric Derivatives of the Snail-Derived Peptide Cm-p5 against Viral and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Strains

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Melaine González-García ◽  
Fidel Morales-Vicente ◽  
Erbio Díaz Pico ◽  
Hilda Garay ◽  
Daniel G. Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Cm-p5 is a snail-derived antimicrobial peptide, which demonstrated antifungal activity against the pathogenic strains of Candida albicans. Previously we synthetized a cyclic monomer as well as a parallel and an antiparallel dimer of Cm-p5 with improved antifungal activity. Considering the alarming increase of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics, here we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of these derivatives against multiresistant and problematic bacteria and against important viral agents. The three peptides showed a moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL), and Streptococcus agalactiae, with MIC values > 100 µg/mL. They exerted a considerable activity with MIC values between 25–50 µg/mL against Acinetobacter baumanii and Enterococcus faecium. In addition, the two dimers showed a moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. The three Cm-p5 derivatives inhibited a virulent extracellular strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, they inhibited Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) infection in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on infection by the Zika Virus (ZIKV) or pseudoparticles of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At concentrations of >100 µg/mL, the three new Cm-p5 derivatives showed toxicity on different eukaryotic cells tested. Considering a certain cell toxicity but a potential interesting activity against the multiresistant strains of bacteria and HSV-2, our compounds require future structural optimization.

scholarly journals 1564. Activity of bacteriophage against multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S782-S782
Author(s):  
Sailaja Puttagunta ◽  
Maya Kahan-Haanum ◽  
Sharon Kredo-Russo ◽  
Eyal Weinstock ◽  
Efrat Khabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Infection Types

Abstract Background The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has significantly risen in all geographic regions. Infections due to these bacteria are associated with high mortality across different infection types. Even with newer options, there remains an unmet need for safe and effective therapeutic options to treat infections caused by ESBL and CR KP. Phage therapy offers a novel approach with an unprecedented and orthogonal mechanism of action for treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacterial strains that are insufficiently addressed by available antibiotics. Phage-based therapies confer a high strain-level specificity and have a strong intrinsic safety profile. Here we describe the identification of novel phages that can effectively target antibiotic resistant KP strains. Host range of the 21 phages on 33 strain KP panel via solid culture infectivity assays. Red marks resistance to infection while sensitivity to phage is marked in green Methods KP clinical strains were isolated from human stool specimens preserved in glycerol. Selective culturing was carried, followed by testing of individual colonies for motility, indole and urease production, sequenced and analyzed by Kleborate tool to determine antibiotic resistant genes. Natural phages were isolated from plaques that developed on susceptible bacterial targets, sequenced and characterized. Results Antibiotic-resistant KP strains encoding beta lactamase genes or a carbapenemase (n=33) were isolated from healthy individuals (n=3), and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n=26) or primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=3). Isolates sequencing revealed bla CTX-M15 and/or bla SHV encoding strains and carbapenamase KPC-2. A panel of 21 phages targeting the beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing KP strains were identified. Phage sequencing revealed that all phages belong to the Caudovirales order and include 6 Siphoviridae, 14 Myoviridae, and 1 Podoviridae. In vitro lytic activity of the phages was tested on the isolated bacteria and revealed a coverage of 70% of the 33 isolated antibiotic resistant strains, >50% of which were targeted by multiple phages. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying phage with potent activity against antibiotic resistant KP strains, and may provide a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of ESBL and CR KP infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Therapeutic Potential of Green Synthesized Metallic Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meron Moges Tsegaye ◽  
Garima Chouhan ◽  
Molla Fentie ◽  
Priya Tyagi ◽  
Parma Nand
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles

Background: The recent treatment challenges posed by the widespread emergence of pathogenic Multidrug‐Resistant (MDR) bacterial strains are a cause of huge health troubles worldwide. Infections caused by MDR organisms are associated with longer period of hospitalization, increased mortality, and inflated healthcare costs. Staphylococcus aureus is one of these MDR organisms identified as an urgent threat to human health by the World Health Organization. Infections caused by S. aureus may range from simple cutaneous infestations to life threatening bacteremia. S. aureus infections get easily escalated in severely ill, hospitalized and or immunocompromised patients with incapacitated immune system. Also, in HIV-positive patients S. aureus ranks amongst one of the most common comorbidities where it can further worsen a patient’s health condition. At present anti-staphylococcal therapy is reliant typically on chemotherapeutics that are gathering resistance and pose unfavorable side-effects. Thus, newer drugs are required that can bridge these shortcomings and aid effective control against S. aureus. Objective: In this review, we summarize drug resistance exhibited by S. aureus and lacunae in current anti-staphylococcal therapy, nanoparticles as an alternative therapeutic modality. The focus lays on various green synthesized nanoparticles, their mode of action and application as potent antibacterial compounds against S. aureus. Conclusion: Use of nanoparticles as anti-bacterial drugs has gained momentum in recent past and green synthesized nanoparticles, which involves microorganisms and plants or their byproducts for synthesis of nanoparticles offer a potent, as well as environment friendly solution in warfare against MDR bacte.

Antibacterial action of doped CoFe2O4 nanocrystals on multidrug resistant bacterial strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Velho-Pereira ◽  
A. Noronha ◽  
A. Mathias ◽  
R. Zakane ◽  
V. Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Bacterial Strains
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