scholarly journals A Liposome-Based Adjuvant Containing Two Delivery Systems with the Ability to Induce Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Following a Parenteral Immunization

ACS Nano ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Christensen ◽  
Lasse Bøllehuus Hansen ◽  
Romain Leboux ◽  
Wim Jiskoot ◽  
Jan Pravsgaard Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Parenteral Immunization

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Responses and IgE-Associated Inflammation along the Respiratory Tract after Mucosal but Not Systemic Immunization

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2328-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hodge ◽  
Mariarosaria Marinaro ◽  
Harlan P. Jones ◽  
Jerry R. McGhee ◽  
Hiroshi Kiyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucosal Adjuvant ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Immunization ◽  
Nasal Passages

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent of immunologic responses, particularly immunopathologic responses, within the upper and lower respiratory tracts after intranasal immunization using the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). BALB/c mice were nasally immunized with influenza virus vaccine combined with CT. The inclusion of the mucosal adjuvant CT clearly enhanced generation of antibody responses in both the nasal passages and lungs. After nasal immunization, antigen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-forming cells dominated antibody responses throughout the respiratory tract. However, IgG responses were significant in lungs but not in nasal passages. Furthermore, parenteral immunization did not enhance humoral immunity in the upper respiratory tract even after a nasal challenge, whereas extrapulmonary lymphoid responses enhanced responses in the lung. After nasal immunization, inflammatory reactions, characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, developed within the lungs of mice but not in nasal passages. Lowering dosages of CT reduced, but did not eliminate, these adverse reactions without compromising adjuvancy. Serum IgE responses were also enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by inclusion of CT. In summary, there are differences in the generation of humoral immunity between the upper respiratory tract and the lung. As the upper respiratory tract is in a separate compartment of the immune system from that stimulated by parenteral immunization, nasal immunization is an optimal approach to generate immunity throughout the respiratory tract. Despite the promise of nasal immunization, there is also the potential to develop adverse immunopathologic reactions characterized by pulmonary airway inflammation and IgE production.

scholarly journals Effects of the Nature of Adjuvant and Site of Parenteral Immunization on the Serum and Mucosal Immune Responses Induced by a Nasal Boost with a Vaccine Alone

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Guy ◽  
Sophie Fourage ◽  
Catherine Hessler ◽  
Violette Sanchez ◽  
Marie José Quentin Millet
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Serum Response ◽  
Type Response

ABSTRACT Outbred OF1 mice were immunized subcutaneously with flu vaccine, either in the neck or in the lumbar region (back), in combination with adjuvants inducing either a Th1- or a Th2-type response, referred to as adjuvants A1 and A2, respectively. After two parenteral immunizations, the mice were boosted intranasally with nonadjuvanted vaccine. The serum response was analyzed after each immunization by measuring specific immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG1, and IgG2a antibody levels, while the local response (same isotypes) was measured in the salivary glands after the mucosal boost by ELISPOTs. We observed that systemic priming at any of the two sites with a Th2 rather than a Th1 adjuvant dramatically enhanced the mucosal IgG1 and IgA responses following a mucosal boost with unadjuvanted vaccine. In addition, as judged by the IgG2a/IgG1 ratios and serum IgA levels, immunization of mice in the back induced a rise in Th2 response compared to neck immunization with adjuvant A1. In contrast, such back immunization with adjuvant A2 reversed the Th1-Th2 balance in favor of the Th1 response compared to neck immunization. Similar differences were observed in mucosal antibody levels according to the site of priming with one given adjuvant; priming in the back with adjuvant A1 increased the mucosal IgA and IgG1 responses compared to neck priming, while the local IgG2a levels were decreased. The reverse was true for adjuvant A2. Back versus neck priming with this latter adjuvant decreased the mucosal IgG1 response, while local IgG2a levels were increased. The different lymphatic drainages of the two sites of parenteral immunization may explain these differences, due to the targeting of particular lymphoid inductive sites. Some of these sites may represent crossroads between systemic and mucosal immunity.

Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G.E. Visscher ◽  
R. L. Robison ◽  
G. J. Argentieri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Injectable Polymer ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

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