scholarly journals Synergistically Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect of Radiation Therapy with Radiation Activatable and Reactive Oxygen Species-Releasing Nanostructures

ACS Nano ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 4946-4958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Cheng ◽  
Michael Sano ◽  
Cesare H. Jenkins ◽  
Guanglei Zhang ◽  
Don Vernekohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Radiation therapy-induced reactive oxygen species specifically eliminates CD19+ IgA+ B cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 6299-6309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Luman Wang ◽  
Chunying Shen ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Yiwei Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Role of Natural Radiosensitizers and Cancer Cell Radioresistance: An Update

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Malik ◽  
Misbah Sultana ◽  
Aamer Qazi ◽  
Mahmood Husain Qazi ◽  
Gulshan Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging

Cancer originates from genetic mutations accumulation. Cancer stem cells have been depicted as tumorigenic cells that can differentiate and self-renew. Cancer stem cells are thought to be resistant to conventional therapy like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy damage carcinomic DNA cells. Because of the ability of cancer stem cells to self-renew and reproduce malignant tumors, they are the subject of intensive research. In this review, CSCs radioresistant mechanisms which include DNA damage response and natural radiosensitizers have been summed up. Reactive oxygen species play an important role in different physiological processes. ROS scavenging is responsible for regulation of reactive oxygen species generation. A researcher has proved that microRNAs regulate tumor radiation resistance. Ionizing radiation does not kill the cancer cells; rather, IR just slows down the signs and symptoms. Ionizing radiation damages DNA directly/indirectly. IR is given mostly in combination with other chemo/radiotherapies. We briefly described here the behavior of cancer stem cells and radioresistance therapies in cancer treatment. To overcome radioresistance in treatment of cancer, strategies like fractionation modification, treatment in combination, inflammation modification, and overcoming hypoxic tumor have been practiced. Natural radiosensitizers, for example, curcumin, genistein, and quercetin, are more beneficial than synthetic compounds.

scholarly journals 4440 Enhanced radiation therapy using chlorin-e6 conjugated gold nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Samir V Jenkins ◽  
Robert J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Killing ◽  
Chlorin E6 ◽  
List Type ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Development of gold nanoparticles covalently linked to a photosensitizer for use to enhance radiation therapy. The particles will be thoroughly characterized structurally and mechanistically. The gold particles should enhance radiation activity by closer proximity to the photosensitizer and by increasing particle accumulation in the tumor.METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Gold nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with amine-terminated poly(ethylene) glycol, then covalently conjugated to chlorin e6, a known FDA-approved photosensitizer. The system was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The generation of reactive oxygen species was measured after X-irradiation. Enhanced cell killing was evaluated clonogenically in addition to assessment of in vivo efficacy and tumor pathology.RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Conjugation of the particle to the photosensitizer was achieved, and the molecule was detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy. TEM and NTA showed no aggregation of the particles, and an increase in reactive oxygen species generation was observed. The conjugates increased cell killing during radiation treatment, whereas neither the particle alone nor the photosensitizer significantly affected clonogenic survival at the same concentrations. Breast tumors grown in immunocompetent mice showed increased necrotic tissue after a single 20 gy treatment in the presence of the conjugate.DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Radiation therapy is widely used clinically, but dosage is limited largely to prevent injury to adjacent normal tissue. By increasing the local effect of radiation therapy, our gold conjugate has the potential to augment the effective radiation dose in the tumor, thereby reducing damage to healthy tissue and providing a more effective therapy.

Therapeutic effect of yttrium oxide nanoparticles for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure

Nanomedicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 2519-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Song ◽  
Pan Shang ◽  
Zhenwei Sun ◽  
Mingzi Lu ◽  
Guoxing You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Yttrium Oxide ◽  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles

Aim: To explore the potential therapeutic effect of yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs) on fulminant hepatic failure. Materials & methods: RAW264.7 cells and a lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced hepatic failure murine model were used to assess the effects of Y2O3 NPs. Results: Y2O3 NPs exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by scavenging cellular reactive oxygen species and dampening reactive oxygen species-mediated NF-κB activation in vitro. A single intraperitoneal administration of Y2O3 NPs (30 mg/kg) enhanced hepatic antioxidant status and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide/galactosamine-induced mice. Y2O3 NPs also attenuated hepatic NF-κB activation, cell apoptosis and liver injury. Conclusion: Y2O3 NP administration could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating fulminant hepatic failure and oxidative stress-related diseases.

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