Metabolic Labeling of Pseudaminic Acid-Containing Glycans on Bacterial Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3030-3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Andolina ◽  
Ruohan Wei ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Xuemei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Bacterial Surfaces ◽  
Pseudaminic Acid

Stable isotope metabolic labeling of a mouse model reveals synaptic biomarkers for anxiety disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Filiou ◽  
YY Zhang ◽  
B Bisle ◽  
E Frank ◽  
MS Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Labeling

scholarly journals High Glycogen Levels in Brains of Rats with Minimal Environmental Stimuli: Implications for Metabolic Contributions of Working Astrocytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy F. Cruz ◽  
Gerald A. Dienel
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Very High

The concentration of glycogen, the major brain energy reserve localized mainly in astrocytes, is generally reported as about 2 or 3 μmol/g, but sometimes as high as 3.9 to 8 μmol/g, in normal rat brain. The authors found high but very different glycogen levels in two recent studies in which glycogen was determined by the routine amyloglucosidase procedure in 0.03N HCl digests either of frozen powders (4.8 to 6 μmol/g) or of ethanol-insoluble fractions (8 to 12 μmol/g). To evaluate the basis for these discrepant results, glycogen was assayed in parallel extracts of the same samples. Glycogen levels in ethanol extracts were twice those in 0.03N HCl digests, suggesting incomplete enzyme inactivation even with very careful thawing. The very high glycogen levels were biologically active and responsive to physiologic and pharmacological challenge. Glycogen levels fell after brief sensory stimulation, and metabolic labeling indicated its turnover under resting conditions. About 95% of the glycogen was degraded under in vitro ischemic conditions, and its “carbon equivalents” recovered mainly as glc, glc-P, and lactate. Resting glycogen stores were reduced by about 50% by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Because neurotransmitters are known to stimulate glycogenolysis, stress or sensory activation due to animal handling and tissue-sampling procedures may stimulate glycogenolysis during an experiment, and glycogen lability during tissue sampling and extraction can further reduce glycogen levels. The very high glycogen levels in normal rat brain suggest an unrecognized role for astrocytic energy metabolism during brain activation.

scholarly journals Identification of an N-acetylneuraminic acid-presenting bacteria isolated from a human microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Han ◽  
Peter S. Thuy-Boun ◽  
Wayne Pfeiffer ◽  
Vincent F. Vartabedian ◽  
Ali Torkamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Selective Labeling ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Microbial Systems

AbstractN-Acetylneuraminic acid is the most abundant sialic acid (SA) in humans and is expressed as the terminal sugar on intestinal mucus glycans. Several pathogenic bacteria harvest and display host SA on their own surfaces to evade Siglec-mediated host immunity. While previous studies have identified bacterial enzymes associated with SA catabolism, no reported methods permit the selective labeling, tracking, and quantitation of SA-presenting microbes within complex multi-microbial systems. We combined metabolic labeling, click chemistry, 16S rRNA gene, and whole-genome sequencing to track and identify SA-presenting microbes from a cultured human fecal microbiome. We isolated a new strain of Escherichia coli that incorporates SA onto its own surface and encodes for the nanT, neuA, and neuS genes necessary for harvesting and presenting SA. Our method is applicable to the identification of SA-presenting bacteria from human, animal, and environmental microbiomes, as well as providing an entry point for the investigation of surface-expressed SA-associated structures.

scholarly journals Quantification of histone modifications using 15N metabolic labeling

Methods ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchao Zhang ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Philip C. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Metabolic Labeling
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