Direct Attack and Indirect Transfer Mechanisms Dominated by Reactive Oxygen Species for Photocatalytic H2O2 Production on g-C3N4 Possessing Nitrogen Vacancies

ACS Catalysis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 11440-11450
Author(s):  
Jun Luo ◽  
Yani Liu ◽  
Changzheng Fan ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Shuaijun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms ◽  
Direct Attack ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancies

scholarly journals Astaxanthin Prevents Atrophy in Slow Muscle Fibers by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species via a Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Luchuanyang Sun ◽  
Nobuyuki Miyaji ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Edward M. Mills ◽  
Shigeto Taniyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway

Astaxanthin (AX) is a carotenoid that exerts potent antioxidant activity and acts in the lipid bilayer. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AX on muscle-atrophy-mediated disturbance of mitochondria, which have a lipid bilayer. Tail suspension was used to establish a muscle-atrophied mouse model. AX diet fed to tail-suspension mice prevented loss of muscle weight, inhibited the decrease of myofiber size, and restrained the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the soleus muscle. Additionally, AX improved downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III in the soleus muscle after tail suspension. Meanwhile, AX promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating the expressions of adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) α-1, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and creatine kinase in mitochondrial (Ckmt) 2 in the soleus muscle of tail-suspension mice. To confirm the AX phenotype in the soleus muscle, we examined its effects on mitochondria using Sol8 myotubes derived from the soleus muscle. We found that AX was preferentially detected in the mitochondrial fraction; it significantly suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Sol8 myotubes. Moreover, AX inhibited the activation of caspase 3 via inhibiting the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol in antimycin A–treated Sol8 myotubes. These results suggested that AX protected the functional stability of mitochondria, alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and thus, prevented muscle atrophy.

scholarly journals Impact of High Light on Reactive Oxygen Species Production within Photosynthetic Biological Membranes

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vetoshkina D. V. ◽  
Borisova-Mubarakshina M. M. ◽  
Naydov I. A. ◽  
Kozuleva M. A. ◽  
Ivanov B. N.
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain ◽  
Transport Chain

In this study we describe the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of higher plants chloroplasts under illumination. We implement an improved method for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in lipid phase of photosynthetic membranes of chloroplasts. Total rate of H2O2 production and the production within the thylakoid membrane under operation of photosynthetic electron transport chain is evaluated. Obtained data show that even in the presence of an efficient electron acceptor, methyl viologen, an increase in light intensity leads to an increase in H2O2 production mainly within the thylakoid membranes. The role of H2O2 produced within the photosynthetic biological membrane is discussed.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus Increases Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Thyroid of Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1361-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. S. Santos ◽  
Ruy A. N. Louzada ◽  
Elaine C. L. Souza ◽  
Rodrigo S. Fortunato ◽  
Andressa L. Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) disrupts the pituitary-thyroid axis and leads to a higher prevalence of thyroid disease. However, the role of reactive oxygen species in DM thyroid disease pathogenesis is unknown. Dual oxidases (DUOX) is responsible for H2O2 production, which is a cosubstrate for thyroperoxidase, but the accumulation of H2O2 also causes cellular deleterious effects. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is another member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase family expressed in the thyroid. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the thyroid DUOX activity and expression in DM rats in addition to NOX4 expression. In the thyroids of the DM rats, we found increased H2O2 generation due to higher DUOX protein content and DUOX1, DUOX2, and NOX4 mRNA expressions. In rat thyroid PCCL3 cells, both TSH and insulin decreased DUOX activity and DUOX1 mRNA levels, an effect partially reversed by protein kinase A inhibition. Most antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged or decreased in the thyroid of DM rats, whereas only glutathione peroxidase 3 was increased. DUOX1 and NOX4 expression and H2O2 production were significantly higher in cells cultivated with high glucose, which was reversed by protein kinase C inhibition. We conclude that thyroid reactive oxygen species is elevated in experimental rat DM, which is a consequence of low-serum TSH and insulin but is also related to hyperglycemia per se.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Brassinosteroid and Redox Signaling Contributes to the Activation of CBF Expression during Cold Responses in Tomato

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Pingping Fang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Mengqi Wang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Cheng Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Central Component ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Loss Of Function

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a critical role in plant responses to stress. However, the interplay of BRs and reactive oxygen species signaling in cold stress responses remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a partial loss of function in the BR biosynthesis gene DWARF resulted in lower whilst overexpression of DWARF led to increased levels of C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) transcripts. Exposure to cold stress increased BR synthesis and led to an accumulation of brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1), a central component of BR signaling. Mutation of BZR1 compromised the cold- and BR-dependent increases in CBFs and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG 1(RBOH1) transcripts, as well as preventing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in the apoplast. Cold- and BR-induced BZR1 bound to the promoters of CBF1, CBF3 and RBOH1 and promoted their expression. Significantly, suppression of RBOH1 expression compromised cold- and BR-induced accumulation of BZR1 and related increases in CBF transcripts. Moreover, RBOH1-dependent H2O2 production regulated BZR1 accumulation and the levels of CBF transcripts by influencing glutathione homeostasis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that crosstalk between BZR1 and reactive oxygen species mediates cold- and BR-activated CBF expression, leading to cold tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

scholarly journals The Effect of Environmental pH during Trichothecium roseum (Pers.:Fr.) Link Inoculation of Apple Fruits on the Host Differential Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Zhanhong Han ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Yang Bi ◽  
Yuanyuan Zong ◽  
Di Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum ◽  
Apple Fruits

Trichothecium roseum is an important postharvest pathogen, belonging to an alkalizing group of pathogens secreting ammonia during fungal growth and colonization of apple fruits. Fungal pH modulation is usually considered a factor for improving fungal gene expression, contributing to its pathogenicity. However, the effects of inoculation with T. roseum spore suspensions at increasing pH levels from pH 3 up to pH 7, on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging capability of the apple fruits, affecting host susceptibility, indicate that the pH regulation by the pathogens also affects host response and may contribute to colonization. The present results indicate that the inoculation of T. roseum spores at pH 3 caused the lowest cell membrane permeability, and reduced malondialdehyde content, NADPH oxidases activity, O2●− and H2O2 production in the colonized fruit. Observations of the colonized area on the 9th day after inoculation at pH 3, showed that the rate of O2●− production and H2O2 content was reduced by 57% and 25%, compared to their activities at pH 7. In contrast, antioxidative activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidases of fruit tissue inoculated with spores’ suspension in the presence of a solution at pH 3.0 showed their highest activity. The catalase and peroxidases activities in the colonized tissue at pH 3 were higher by almost 58% and 55.9%, respectively, on the 6th day after inoculation compared to inoculation at pH 7. The activities of key enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and their substrates and products by the 9th day after fruit inoculation at pH 3 showed 150%, 31%, 16%, and 110% higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase, respectively, compared to pH 7. A similar pattern of response was also observed in the accumulation of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbate which showed a higher accumulation at pH 3 compared to the colonization at pH 7. The present results indicate that the metabolic regulation of the pH environment by the T. roseum not only modulates the fungal pathogenicity factors reported before, but it induces metabolic host changes contributing both together to fungal colonization.

scholarly journals The Effects of Asthma Medications on Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Human Monocytes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Kai Tsai ◽  
Yi-Ching Lin ◽  
Ching-Hsiung Lin ◽  
Ming-Yii Huang ◽  
Min-Sheng Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Monocyte Cell ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Species Production

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease induced by many environmental factors. The inhalation of allergens and pollutants promote the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production leading to airway inflammation, hyper-responsiveness and remodeling in allergic asthma. The effects of asthma medications on ROS production are unclear. The present study investigated the anti-ROS effects of current asthma medications including inhaled corticosteroid (ICS; budesonide and fluticasone), leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA; montelukast), long acting β2 agonists (LABAs; salmeterol and formoterol) and a new extra-LABA (indacaterol). The human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells were pre-treated with different concentrations of the asthma medications at different time-points after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation. H2O2 production was measured with DCFH-DA by flow cytometry. Montelukast, fluticasone and salmeterol suppressed H2O2-induced ROS production. Indacaterol enhanced H2O2-induced ROS production. Budesonide and formoterol alone had no anti-ROS effects, but the combination of these two drugs significantly suppressed H2O2-induced ROS production. Different asthma medications have different anti-ROS effects on monocytes. The combination therapy with LABA and ICS seemed not be the only choice for asthma control. Montelukast may be also a good supplemental treatment for the poorly-controlled asthma because of its powerful anti-ROS effects. Our findings provide a novel therapeutic view in asthma.

scholarly journals Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in ABA-Induced Increase in Hydraulic Conductivity and Aquaporin Abundance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9144
Author(s):  
Guzel Sharipova ◽  
Ruslan Ivanov ◽  
Dmitriy Veselov ◽  
Guzel Akhiyarova ◽  
Maria Shishova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductivity

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ABA-induced increase in hydraulic conductivity was hypothesized to be dependent on an increase in aquaporin water channel (AQP) abundance. Single ABA application or its combination with ROS manipulators (ROS scavenger ascorbic acid and NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI)) were studied on detached roots of barley plants. We measured the osmotically driven flow rate of xylem sap and calculated root hydraulic conductivity. In parallel, immunolocalization of ABA and HvPIP2;2 AQPs was performed with corresponding specific antibodies. ABA treatment increased the flow rate of xylem, root hydraulic conductivity and immunostaining for ABA and HvPIP2;2, while the addition of antioxidants prevented the effects of this hormone. The obtained results confirmed the involvement of ROS in ABA effect on hydraulic conductivity, in particular, the importance of H2O2 production by ABA-treated plants for the effect of this hormone on AQP abundance.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen production by cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells during phagocytosis is associated with stimulation of lipoxygenase activity.

1983 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 1836-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Baud ◽  
J Hagege ◽  
J Sraer ◽  
E Rondeau ◽  
J Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glomerular Mesangial Cells ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Phagocytic Process ◽  
Stimulation Of

To investigate the phagocytic capability of glomerular mesangial cells and the biochemical events associated with phagocytosis, rat cultured mesangial cells were incubated in the presence of opsonized zymosan (STZ) and production of reactive-oxygen species and lipoxygenase products were determined. Mesangial cells were identified on the basis of morphologic (presence of microfilaments and pattern of staining by an anti-myosin antiserum) and physiologic (contractile activity in response to angiotensin II) characteristics. No contamination by esterase-positive cells was observed. Electron microscopy revealed that the phagocytic process started after 5 min of incubation, and affected approximately 50% of the cells. Superoxide anion (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation by mesangial cells exposed to STZ increased with time and STZ concentration. Cells incubated with zymosan particles treated with heated serum produced undetectable amounts of .O2- and 6 times less H2O2 than cells exposed to STZ. Pretreatment by cytochalasin B produced a marked decrease in STZ-stimulated production of reactive oxygen species. [3H]Arachidonic acid was incorporated into mesangial cell phospholipids and its release and conversion into monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) was measured by radiometric high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Incubation with STZ markedly stimulated the release of arachidonic acid from its phospholipid stores and its transformation into 11-, 12-, and 15-HETE. Lipoxygenase inhibitors inhibited STZ-stimulated H2O2 production, whereas they did not modify the phagocytic process as shown by the absence of any effect on the uptake of 125I-STZ by the mesangial cells. This study demonstrates that a high percentage of rat cultured mesangial cells phagocytose opsonized particles. The phagocytic process results in an oxidative burst that appears to be dependent on stimulation of the lipoxygenase pathway.

scholarly journals Increase of sodium delivery stimulates the mitochondrial respiratory chain H2O2 production in rat renal medullary thick ascending limb

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. F95-F102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ohsaki ◽  
Paul O'Connor ◽  
Takefumi Mori ◽  
Robert P. Ryan ◽  
Bryan C. Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acetoxymethyl Ester ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Medullary Thick Ascending Limb

The mitochondria-rich epithelial cells of the renal medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) reabsorb nearly 25% of filtered sodium (Na+) and are a major source of cellular reactive oxygen species. Although we have shown that delivery of Na+ to the mTAL of rats increases superoxide (O2·−) production in mTAL, little is known about H2O2 production, given the lack of robust and selective fluorescent indicators for determining changes within the whole cell, specifically in the mitochondria. The present study determined the effect of increased tubular flow and Na+ delivery to mTAL on the production of mitochondrial H2O2 in mTAL. H2O2 responses were determined in isolated, perfused mTAL of Sprague-Dawley rats using a novel mitochondrial selective fluorescent H2O2 indicator, mitochondria peroxy yellow 1, and a novel, highly sensitive and stable cytosolic-localized H2O2 indicator, peroxyfluor-6 acetoxymethyl ester. The results showed that mitochondrial H2O2 and cellular fluorescent signals increased progressively over a period of 30 min following increased tubular perfusion (5–20 nl/min), reaching levels of statistical significance at ∼10–12 min. Responses were inhibited with rotenone or antimycin A (inhibitors of the electron-transport chain), polyethylene glycol-catalase and by reducing Na+ transport with furosemide or ouabain. Inhibition of membrane NADPH-oxidase with apocynin had no effect on mitochondrial H2O2 production. Cytoplasmic H2O2 (peroxyfluor-6 acetoxymethyl ester) increased in parallel with mitochondrial H2O2 (mitochondria peroxy yellow 1) and was partially attenuated (∼65%) by rotenone and completely inhibited by apocynin. The present data provide clear evidence that H2O2 is produced in the mitochondria in response to increased flow and delivery of Na+ to the mTAL, and that whole cell H2O2 levels are triggered by the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. The mitochondrial production of H2O2 may represent an important target for development of more effective antioxidant therapies.

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