Sulfo-Fluorous Tagging Strategy for Site-Selective Enzymatic Glycosylation of para-Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third largest solid fraction in human milk, can modulate inflammation through Toll-like receptor signaling, but little is known about their immunomodulatory potential in the oral cavity. In this study, we determined whether the HMOs 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) regulate human-beta defensin (hBD)-2 and -3, cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37), and cytokine responses in human gingival cells using a three-dimensional oral mucosal culture model. The model was incubated with 0.1% or 1% 2’-FL and 3-FL, alone and in combination, for 5 or 24 h, and hBD-2, hBD-3, and hCAP18/LL-37 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1RA, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined by LUMINEX immunoassay. The combination of 1% 2’-FL and 1% 3-FL, and 1% 3-FL alone, for 24 h upregulated hBD-2 protein expression significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). No changes in the other antimicrobial peptides or proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Thus, 3-FL, alone and in combination with 2´-FL, stimulates oral mucosal secretion of hBD-2, without effecting a proinflammatory response when studied in an oral mucosal culture model.

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Rapid capillary gel electrophoresis analysis of human milk oligosaccharides for food additive manufacturing in-process control

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-020-03119-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marton Szigeti ◽

Agnes Meszaros-Matwiejuk ◽

Dora Molnar-Gabor ◽

Andras Guttman

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Process Control ◽

Human Milk ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Process Analysis ◽

Food Additive ◽

Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Capillary Gel Electrophoresis

AbstractIndustrial production of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represents a recently growing interest since they serve as key ingredients in baby formulas and are also utilized as dietary supplements for all age groups. Despite their short oligosaccharide chain lengths, HMO analysis is challenging due to extensive positional and linkage variations. Capillary gel electrophoresis primarily separates analyte molecules based on their hydrodynamic volume to charge ratios, thus, offers excellent resolution for most of such otherwise difficult-to-separate isomers. In this work, two commercially available gel compositions were evaluated on the analysis of a mixture of ten synthetic HMOs. The relevant respective separation matrices were then applied to selected analytical in-process control examples. The conventionally used carbohydrate separation matrix was applied for the in-process analysis of bacteria-mediated production of 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, and lacto-N-neotetraose. The other example showed the suitability of the method for the in vivo in-process control of a shake flask and fermentation approach of 2′-fucosyllactose production. In this latter instance, borate complexation was utilized to efficiently separate the 2′- and 3-fucosylated lactose positional isomers. In all instances, the analysis of the HMOs of interest required only a couple of minutes with high resolution and excellent migration time and peak area reproducibility (average RSD 0.26% and 3.56%, respectively), features representing high importance in food additive manufacturing in-process control. Graphical abstract

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Human milk oligosaccharides, infant growth, and adiposity over the first 4 months of lactation

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/s41390-020-01328-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aristea Binia ◽

Luca Lavalle ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

Sean Austin ◽

Massimo Agosti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Milk Oligosaccharides

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Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates prevent adhesion of specific pathogens via modulating glycosylation or inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00872b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chunli Kong ◽

Martin Beukema ◽

Min Wang ◽

Bart J. de Haan ◽

Paul de Vos

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Human Milk ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Inflammatory Genes

Human milk oligosaccharides 2′-FL and pectins inhibited pathogen adhesion through modulating glycosylation and inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells.

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